

SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND THEIR USES. 717 
(5) There are within the region no differences in elevation which 
seriously disturb the climatic conditions imposed by latitude. The 
presence of large bodies of water exerts an equalizing influence upon 
temperatures which is sensibly evident to a distance of 10 or 15 
miles from the Atlantic coast and to a distance of 5 to 10 miles from 
Delaware River and Bay. (See fig. 3, p. 6.) 
(6) The more than two centuries of agricultural development 
in the region have brought about a thorough comprehension of the 
fact that crops do-not all thrive equally well upon all soils. There 
has been a constant tendency to adapt the cropping and the agricul- 
tural systems of the regions to local soil conditions in such a way 
4 that the most paying crops may be grown upon each soil of marked 

characteristics. (See pl. A, p. 16, and pl. 13, p. 64.) 
(7) This selective cropping has resulted in: 
(a) The avoidance of excessively drained soils, like those of the 
Lakewood series, for any agricultural use. | 
(6) A failure to utilize wet soils for any but the most extensive 
systems of cropping, such as the growing of grass for pasture and 
hay upon the Tidal marsh areas. 
(c) The utilization of the more sandy soils, irrespective of their 
relative distance from market, for the growing of the early vege- 
tables, commonly called truck crops. 
(d) The use of intermediate types of soils, such as the sandy 
loams, for the growing of a wide variety of truck crops, general farm 
crops and, where altitude favors, of commercial orchard crops. 
(e) A decided specialization toward the grain and grass crops 
upon the fine sandy loam and loam soils, with the more recent use 
of the loam soils for the growing of Irish potatoes and of tomatoes 
for canning purposes. — 
(7) The utilization of every reasonably level acre of good upland 
soil for crop production of some kind. (See detailed soil and crop 
maps. ) 
(g) The Taaation of small areas of overflow or of undrained 
land for grazing purposes in connection with the Special tillage of 
all upland areas. 
(9) Other things being reasonably equal, the farmers of southern 
New Jersey have a very decided and well founded preference for 
the utilization of each specific soil type for the growing of the special 
crop or group of crops which is best suited to that soil. (See Table 
XITI, p. 66, and detailed soil and crop maps.) 
(10). These crop uses are given in some detail for the most im- 
portant soil types and soil classes which have been encountered in 
four detailed surveys made in southern New Jersey. The uses of 
