SMALL SAWMILLS, THEIR EQUIPMENT, ETC. 63 
Cant flipper — Two or more horizontal bars placed in a line of live rolls ; the 
outer ends are fastened to a common shaft attached to the piston of a steam 
cylinder and the near ends are pivoted to a firm support. On elevating the outer 
ends, cants and boards are transferred to a temporary storage point behind 
the gang resaw or edger. 
Carriage — A frame on which are mounted the head blocks, set work and other 
mechanism for holding the log while it is being sawed .and also for advancing 
the log toward the saw line after a cut has been made. The carriage frame 
is mounted on trucks which travel on tracks. The carriage is moved by 
steam, feed cable, or rack and pinion. 
Carriage dog — A steel tooth, several of which are attached to a carriage knee 
and operated by a lever. Their object is to hold the log firmly on the carriage. 
Carriage feed — The power used to drive the carriage back and forth. It may 
consist of a rack and pinion, a cable device, or a large cylinder and piston. In 
large mills the steam cylinder is used for short carriages and the cable for 
long ones. In portable mills the rack and pinion or cable feed is used. 
Carriage receder — A device on the under side of a carriage which automatically 
shunts the carriage frame on its axles about f inch away from the saw line. 
The carriage receder is used only in band mills ; its use prevents the log from 
hitting the band saw. 
Chip breaker— A roller or bar in front of cutter knives on a planing machine 
to prevent splinters from being torn from the face of the board as it is being 
surfaced. 
Circular gang mill — A machine usually used to cut 1-inch flooring strips from 
4-inch and 6-inch cants. 
Circular saw — One having cutting teeth on the circumference of the plate. 
Dished saw — Circular saws may assume a shape like that cf a dish. The con- 
cave side is spoken of as the dished side. 
Double-cutting band saw — Has teeth on both edges and cuts on both forward 
and backward run. 
Double mill — A mill having two head saws. 
Edger — A frame supporting an arbor on which are mounted several saws, feed 
rolls, press rolls, and power transmission gear. It is used to square-edge 
lumber and also to rip it. 
Edge stacker — A machine which piles lumber on edge on dry-kiln trucks. 
Feed rolls — Live rollers with a smooth, corrugated, or rough surface which 
holds the lumber and pushes it into an edger, resaw, planer, etc. 
Felloe — One of the segments of the rim of a wheel between the spokes and the 
tire. 
Floorer — A planer and matcher combined which makes flooring. 
Friction nigger — A long lever armed with teeth used to turn logs on a carriage. 
Gang edger — An edger that has fixed saws. 
Gang mill — A machine with a heavy frame supporting a sash which carries 
straight saw blades. The sash runs in upright slides and is driven from below. 
Gang saw — One from 6 to 10 inches wide and 4 feet in length with teeth on one 
edge, suspended in the sash of the gang and cutting on the down strokes. 
Syn. — Gate saw. 
Gauge — The thickness of a saw blade. 
Head block — The part of a carriage which holds the log and upon which it rests. 
Each head block consists of a base, a knee, a taper set, and a rack and pinion 
gear. 
High track or dollyway — An elevated tramway which runs from the sawmill 
to the yard. 
Hog — A refuse grinder. 
