66 BULLETIN 718, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Block setter — One who operates the set works on a sawmill carriage. 
Blued lumber — Lumber, the sapwood* of which has been stained by fungi. 
Box boards — Lumber of a specific quality from which boxes are manufac- 
tured. 
Box shooks — Pieces of lumber cut to size for boxes but not assembled. 
Break down — To cut a log into cants or of a size which can be sawed on the 
main saw. 
Bull head — A term used by sawmill filer to describe the action of a saw when 
it leads in or out of a cut. 
Cant- — A log which has been slabbed on one or more sides. 
Casehardened lumber — Material, the exterior of which is dry, while the interior 
remains moist. The result of quick drying in an overheated kiln. 
Ceiling — Lumber usually finished on one side only and used for wainscoting, 
ceiling rooms, etc. 
Chimney — An opening left from top to bottom in a lumber pile to admit air 
and hasten drying. 
Chipped grain — A defect in lumber caused by the grain of the wood being 
torn out in patches by the action of the planer knives. 
Clapboard — Siding 4 to 6 inches wide and 4 to 20 feet long tapering to a thin 
edge on one side. 
Case knot — One surrounded wholly or partially by pitch or bark. 
Coarse-grain lumber — Material with wide annual rings. 
Comb grained — The best quality of quarter-sawed lumber, the growth rings of 
which are nearly at right angles to the face of the board. 
Common boards — Applied to four grades of lumber of a quality inferior to 
finish. The widths run from 4 to 12 inches. 
Common dimensions — Applied to 2-inch stock ranging from 4 to 12 inches wide 
and 3-inch stock from 6 to 12 inches wide. 
Custom sawing — The sawing of lumber under contract prices per 1,000 board 
feet. 
Carriage setter — Rides on the front end of the carriage and sets the dogs which 
hold the log in place. 
Drop siding — A pattern of lumber used to cover the exterior sides of buildings. 
Syn. — Cove siding, German siding, patent siding, rustic. 
Face side — That side of a board which shows the best quality. 
Featheredge — When a board is found thinner on one edge than it is on the 
other it is said to have a featheredge. Term also used to describe an over- 
sharpened cutting edge. 
Feed — The length of lumber cut at one revolution of the saw, expressed in 
inches. 
Fencing — A grade of rough inch lumber 4 to 6 inches wide. 
Fine grain — Lumber having the annual rings close together. 
Finish lumber — The higher grade of lumber used for interior finish in buildings. 
Five-ply veneer — Made up of five pieces of veneer glued one to the other, also 
called laminated wood. 
Flitch — A thick piece of lumber with wane on the edge. 
Furring — A narrow strip of inch lumber which is nailed to rafters and joints 
as a backing for laths. 
Jointed flooring — A flooring strip which instead of being tongued and grooved 
lias the sides cut on a bevel edge. Syn. — Lap siding. 
Joist — A dimension timber used to support the floor of a building. 
Knocked down — A machine or article taken apart in order to facilitate ship- 
ping. Abbreviated as K. D. 
Large knot — One that is over 1$ inches diameter. 
