SMALL SAWMILLS, THEIR EQUIPMENT, ETC. 67 
Load — In foreign markets 1,680 pounds weight of lumber or 50 cubic feet cargo 
space. • 
Lumber tally — The scale of the log after it is cut into lumber. 
Mill run — All of the lumber without regard to grade which has a shipping value. 
Moulding — The narrow strips of lumber moulded in various patterns used in 
interior finish. 
Odd lengths — Lumber trimmed to odd feet, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. 
Off -bearer — The man who stands behind the saw and takes away the lumber and 
slabs. Syn. — Tail sawyer, swamper. 
Ogee moulding — One having a double curve formed by a concave and convex line. 
Overrun — The difference between the lumber tally and mill scale. 
Parbuckle — A device for loading logs. It consists of a chain or rope in the 
form of a sling attached to the wagon or sled. 
Partition — Lumber used for interior partitions where both sides of the board 
are exposed. 
Pile bottom — The foundation (timber or concrete) on which lumber is piled. 
Pin knot — A knot which is sound and not more than one-half inch in diameter. 
Pitch — The angle between the back of a tooth and a line drawn from a point of 
the tooth to the back of a band saw or to the center of a circular saw. 
Pitch pocket — An opening or space between the annual rings containing pitch 
in coniferous trees. Syn. — Pitch seams. 
Plain sawed — All lumber which is not quarter sawed. Syn. — Flat grain, bastard 
grain, slash grain. 
Pony gang — A saw crew of two men who do their own swamping. 
Porch decking — A tongue and grooved board, the upper face of which is grooved 
in order to carry off rain water. 
Quarter-sawed — In hardwoods, when the lumber is cut parallel or nearly so 
with the medullary rays. In soft woods, when the growth rings do not tip 
more than 45° from the vertical throughout the entire length of the board. 
Syn. — Center sawed, comb grained, edge grained, figure grained, rift sawed, 
silver grained, vertical grained. 
Rip — To cut a board lengthwise. 
Rock pine — The Chicago name for hemlock. 
Sampson — An upright lever used for rolling logs. It is attached to the log by a 
chain. 
Short length — Lumber from 4 to 10 feet. 
Sidings — Boards sawed from the outer portion of a log when the central part is 
made into lumber. 
Slack cooperage— Containers for nonliquid products consisting of two round 
heads and a body composed of staves held together with hoops. 
Slat — A sawed piece of wood 7* by 1\ by i inches, used in pencil manu- 
facture. 
Small knot — A sound knot not more than three-fourths inch in diameter. 
Snake — To make a wavy cut in sawing. 
Snipping — The act of rounding off the end of a log to prevent the latter from 
sticking in the ground. Syn. — Sniping. 
Sound knot — One which is as solid and hard across its face as the surrounding 
wood and firm enough to retain its place in the board. 
Spike knot — A knot sawed lengthwise in the board. 
Spline — A rectangular strip of wood which is substituted for the tongue on 
heavy factory flooring. 
Stepping — A grade of lumber worked to a size suitable for steps. 
Stock boards— Of even widths, usually 8, 10, and 12 inches. 
