RELATION OF PRODUCTION TO INCOME FROM COWS. 
19 
compared with the general average of herds and especially when com- 
pared with low producers, and the figures show the degree by which 
good cows surpass poor ones. Moreover, they throw additional light 
on the great usefulness and also on some of the limitations of cow- 
testing associations. The points may be summarized briefly as fol- 
lows: 
WHAT THE COW-TESTING ASSOCIATION CAN AND CAN NOT DO. 
The cow-testing-association records take much of the guesswork 
out of dairying. Conformation indicates performance ; but the Bab- 
cock test, the milk scales, and the feed scales tell the true story. 
Knowing the true feed and production records, the good dairyman 
practices selective breeding, eliminates all low producers that will 
not respond to better feed and care, and feeds the remainder accord- 
ing to known production. 
Fig. 11. — The cow-testing-association herd that stood highest in butterfat production in 
1918, at Grove City, Pa. 
The elimination of low producers is important, but it is not the 
only work of the cow-testing association. The well-managed cow- 
testing association saves many cows because it furnishes their actual 
records of production. It discourages the use of the scoop-shovel 
method of feeding concentrates, by which all the cows are fed alike, 
and it encourages the feeding of each cow according to known pro- 
