RELATION BETWEEN PAY AND STANDARD OF LIVING 
9 
rooms in size, bathroom, pantry, and closets excluded. Data on 
the number and percentage of the houses fitted with modern im- 
provements of the various kinds are not available. Expenditures 
for furniture and furnishings purchased during the year of study 
are only 2 per cent of all expenditures. These expenditures are 
about 6 per cent of the inventory value of furniture and furnishings 
in the home for the year 1919. Expenditures for the maintenance 
of health are 4.7 per cent of the total. Money spent for education, 
recreation, benevolences, etc. — termed " advancement ? ' — amounts 
to almost 6 per cent of all expenditures. Expenditures for goods 
of a personal nature are only 1.2 per cent and for life and health 
insurance, 2.6 per cent of the total expenditures. Only 0.2 per 
cent of all expenditures is for goods not readily classified. 
Table 3. — Distribution of average expenditures for classified items including 
value of goods furnished by the farm and purchased for the year ended 
December 31, 1919, by 861 farm families of selected localities of Kentucky, 
Tennessee, and Texas 
Item 
All 
Owner 
Tenant 
families 
families 
families 
861 
411 
321 
Per cent 
Per cent 
Per cent 
44.0 
39.9 
47.8 
17.7 
17.4 
17.9 
9.7 
11.3 
8.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.9 
12.0 
12.9 
11.6 
4.7 
4.6 
4.8 
5.9 
8.0 
3.7 
1.2 
1.0 
1.3 
2.6 
2.7 
2.7 
.2 
.2 
.3 
Cropper 
families 
Number of families.. 
Food, including groceries 
Clothing 
Rent (10 per cent value of house) 
Furnishings 
Operating costs ... 
Maintenance of health 
Advancement 
Personal 
Insurance — life and health 
Unclassified 
129 
Per cent 
52.8 
19.1 
7.4 
1.9 
9.1 
4.5 
2.2 
1.4 
1.3 
.3 
COMPARISONS OF EXPENDITURE AMONG OWNERS, TENANTS, AND 
CROPPERS 
The average of all expenditures for owners, tenants, and crop- 
pers amounts to $1,635, $1,377.80, and $946.90, respectively. Thus 
tenant families 0.4 of a person, or approximately 9 per cent larger, 
consumed about 15 per cent less goods (in terms of cost) than did 
owner families. Cropper families 0.5 of a person, or about 12 per 
cent larger than owner families, used about 40 per cent less goods 
than did owner families. With owner families 38.6 per cent of all 
goods used were furnished by the farm in comparison with 36.6 
per cent for tenant families and 33.6 per cent with cropper families. 
Owner families, smaller in size, probably equally well or better 
fed than tenant or cropper families, lived in better nouses and spent 
more money for other purposes. The percentage of all expendi- 
tures for clothing, however, is lowest for owner families. The pro- 
portion of all expenditures for advancement is much higher for 
owners than for either tenants or croppers. 
COMPARISONS WITH FAMILIES OF OTHER LOCALITIES AND OF 
OTHER INDUSTRIES 
No attempt is made to compare the averages of actual expendi- 
tures for the various groups of articles with similar averages for 
families of other groups. Different price levels for articles enter- 
ing into the family living render the making of such comparisons 
65366^—26 2 
