KAYLESS GOLDENEOD AS A POISONOUS PLANT 
21 
Table 4. — Time elapsing between the appearance of symptoms and death 
Animal 
Days 
Hours 
Minutes 
Animal 
Days 
Hours 
Minutes 
Cattle Nos.: 
851 
7 
6 
4 
15 
7 
8 
4 
4 
Cattle Nos— Contd. 
961-. 
8 
4 
21 
3 
6 
r. 
3 
853 
10 
Horse No. 132 
854 
. Sheep Nos.: 
589 
855 
17 
1 
3 
Ul 
856 
701... 
12 
21 
30 
868 
34 
706... 
10 
924 ! 
■ 
1 Received milk of cow 868. 
It will be seen that the time before death during which the animals 
were sick was very Yariable, the shortest period being 3 days and 12 
hours, and the longest 21 days. The aYerage of all cases was 8 days 
and 36 minutes. Of the 12 cases 4 exceeded 8 days of sickness, 4 
were between 6 and 8 days, and 4 were between 3 and 5 days. The 
plant can hardly be considered as causing acute poisoning. An 
animal may linger for nearly 3 weeks, but may be expected to die 
in about a week. 
APLOPAPPUS A CUMULATIVE POISON 
It is evident that Aplopappus is a cumulative poison. There is 
some elimination, but it is not sufficient to prevent poisoning even 
when the plant is fed in very small quantities. Sheep Xos. 705, 678, 
and 694 exhibited symptoms on daily quantities varying from 0.47 
to 0.66 pound per hundredweight of animal. This indicates little 
elimination. 
TRANSMISSION OF THE POISON BY MILK 
There is a widespread belief among stock people of the Pecos 
Valley that animals giving milk may transmit the alkali disease 
through the milk to their offspring, producing diseased calves and 
lambs, and that human beings using the milk or butter suffer from 
the same disease, which in their case is most commonly known as 
milk sickness. It is also stated by many that the poisonous sub- 
stance is excreted through the milk to such an extent that the 
mothers show no symptoms, but the offspring are poisoned. 
A number of experiments were made .to show whether or not this 
was the case. Table 5 summarizes the results of these experiments. 
Table 5. — Effect of plant upon milk-giving animals and their offspring 
Cow No.: 
840 Sick. 
892.. 
911.. 
961. 
Calf No. 
895.. 
...do 
Not sick.. 
Death. 
..do... 
917... 
962. 
Ewe No.: 
Lamb No.: 
Probable 
701 
Death 
700.... 
symptoms. 
373 
Sick 
655.... 
Symptoms. 
495 
Not sick._ 
656 
Probable 
731 
...do 
771....! 
symptoms. 
Death. 
Not sick. 
751 
...do 
776...., 
Death. 
Sick. 
Not sick. 
Do. 
Do. 
It will be seen that in three cases neither the sheep nor the lamb 
was affected. Of the other cases cow Xo. 911 was not affected, but 
its calf, Xo. 917, exhibited probable symptoms. In one case, cow Xo. 
961, the cow was affected, but not the calf. In five cases both the 
mother and the offspring were affected. In all these cases in which 
the calves or lambs were made sick the symptoms were typical of the 
alkali disease. 
