THE MILLING OF RICE. 7 
paying about 50 cents per barrel cash for the milling, in which case 
he retains the mixed hulls and bran, or of giving 30 cents together 
with the by-products. The yield of milled rice from a plantation 
huller approximates 80 pounds per barrel of rough rice of the Hon- 
duras type. 
MODERN MILLING. 
The large profit formerly derived from the modern rice mill, as 
well as the rapid extension of rice farming in western Louisiana and 
Texas during the past 20 years, led to an overconstruction of mills. 
In 1911 competition, which had become so vigorous as nearly to elimi- 
nate profits, resulted in the consolidation of about 30 Louisiana mills 
and the formation of the Louisiana State Eice Milling Company. To 
secure greater business economy and milling efficiency 12 mills were 
closed and many of the remaining 18 enlarged. In addition to the 
30 mills of the Louisiana State Rice Milling Company, there are in 
Louisiana 11 independent mills, all operating in 1913, of which 8 are 
in New Orleans. Twenty mills are located in Texas, and all but 
two were operating in 1913. In Arkansas six mills were running 
during 1913 and one was closed. Tennessee has one operating mill 
at Memphis. On the Atlantic coast there are five mills, all of the 
mortar-and-pestle type, located in North Carolina, South Carolina, 
and Georgia, but only one of these is at present operating, and that 
on a very small scale. 
MILLING MACHINERY. 
The milling of wheat and of rice are fundamentally opposite. In 
milling wheat the chief product, flour, must be ground very fine; 
in milling rice the grains must be kept as nearly whole as possible. 
According to the present commercial conception, an efficient rice 
mill is one which properly cleans, scours, and polishes the rice grains 
with a minimum amount of breakage. This fact must be kept in 
mind in the study of each machine. 
Screens and fans. — The rough rice from the thrashers, stored in 
bags in the warehouse or in bulk in the elevator bin of the rice mill, 
generally is thoroughly screened and fanned in a combination screen 
blower before being conducted into the hopper of the hulling stones. 
Chaff, weed seeds, mud lumps, and other foreign substances are thus 
removed, which, if present, would damage the machinery or intro- 
duce impurities into the finished products. 
Hulling stones. — The first real milling operation consists of remov- 
ing the hulls from the grain between the hulling stones. These latter 
are a perfected form of those employed in the old mortar-and-pestle 
mills already described, and differ little from the stones which are 
widely used for grinding corn. In a modern rice mill of a daily 
