36 BULLETIN 640, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Attempts to control the Mediterranean fruit fly under Honolulu 
conditions were unsuccessful. The number of adults killed was 
great, yet a sufficient number survived to infest all fruits that ripened. 
From what is known, however, of the benefits derived from these 
sprays in other countries, there is no question but that poisoned-bait 
sprays, when intelligently applied under such commercial conditions 
as exist in California and Florida, will prove successful. Thus Mally 
in South Africa states that a "severe outbreak of the pest in a commer- 
cial peach orchard was brought to a sudden and practically complete 
halt, and the fruit maturing later was marked under the guarantee of 
freedom from maggots," while the infestation among fruits on check 
trees increased until all fruits became infested. Newman in Western 
Australia estimates the cost of spraying an acre when one applica- 
tion of one pint of spray per tree is made every 12 to 14 days to 
be from $1.50 to $2 per fortnight, and states that this sum is a mere 
bagatelle to the loss of fruit during a similar period over a like area. 
Both Mally and Newman, working under conditions of less rainfall 
than obtained at Honolulu, and more like those of California and of 
fall and winter in Florida, believe that good results will follow the 
consistent application of poisoned bait sprays, particularly when 
supplemented by the proper destruction of infested fruits. 
Honeybees are not endangered by the application of poisoned- 
bait sprays. 
COLD-STORAGE TEMPERATURES. 
Cold-storage temperatures do not lessen the damage already done 
fruits by larvae within them, but they may become of inestimable 
value in guarding fruits against further attacks while in storage or 
transit and in freeing them from suspicion as carriers of the fruit fly. 
For the details of the effect of cold-storage temperatures upon 
eggs, larva?, and pupse of the Mediterranean fruit fly, application 
should be made to the gureau °f Entomology for articles already 
published. Fruits of almost airy variety commonly held in storage 
are held at temperatures varying from 32° to 45° F., with preference 
shown to a range of 32° to 36° F. It may be said that no immature 
stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly can survive refrigeration for 
seven weeks at 40° to 45° F., for three weeks at 33° to 40° F., or for 
two weeks at 32° to 33° F. 
It seems reasonable to conclude that sooner or later the certifica- 
tion of properly refrigerated fruit will be practicable. When an 
association of fruit growers, or a people, find it financially worth 
while, there is no reason why they can not operate a central refrigera- 
tion plant under the supervision of an official whose reputation shall 
be sufficient to guarantee all fruits sent out from the plant to be 
absolutely free from danger as carriers of the fruit fly. 
