THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY. 
25 
avocados, no commercial orchards exist in Hawaii. Still there is 
hardly a family, unless it be in the business section of Honolulu, 
that does not grow a number of fruit trees, such as oranges, lemons, 
papayas, peaches, avocados, limes, grapefruit, guavas, bananas, man- 
goes, etc., that bear prodigally under normal Hawaiian cultural con- 
ditions, and, until the advent of the fruit fly in 1910, formed a most 
welcome addition to the food supply. 
Much of the native-grown fruit that is sold in the local market is 
grown on trees scattered here and there in dooryards and is in 
excess of what the 
owner needs. Practi- 
cally no one depends 
on growing fruit for 
his living. No devel- 
oped fruit industry 
exists such as one 
finds on the main- 
land, and no moneyed 
interest concerns it- 
self with steps for 
fruit-fly eradication. 
In other words, there 
are no impelling in- 
centives to solidify 
public opinion for the 
consistent and coop- 
erative use of artificial 
remedial measures 
that could be made 
effective if their ap- 
plication would yield 
returns warranting 
the expenditure. 
The situation also 
is made more difficult 
by reason of the large amount of vegetation, bearing fruits of little 
or no value to man, that grows throughout the islands and that 
can not be eradicated without the expenditure of prohibitive sums 
of money. 
But this great abundance of dooryard and wild host vegetation 
has had such a vital part in the undoing of artificial control measures 
and in the success of parasite introductions that it is worthy of fur- 
ther attention. Aided by a favorable climate, it has made of Hawaii 
a fruit-fly paradise that is not duplicated elsewhere on the earth. 
Fig. 24. 
-Improved mango sectioned to show havoc caused by maggots 
of Mediterranean fruit fly. (Authors' illustration.) 
