24 
BULLETIN 640, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
orchards as they are in Florida and California, and were severely 
attacked as they are in Hawaii to-day, they could not be shipped 
profitably, for, although they might not contain larvae within the 
pulp, the many breaks in the rind made by the flies while laying eggs 
would make possible the entry of various molds (see fig. 23) that 
Fig. 23. — Orange injured by Mediterranean fruit fly. Each black spot represents a place where the fruit 
fly has punctured the rind to lay eggs, but the maggots were not able to eat through the peel, and died. 
About the injured spot decays have started which at first affect only the peel. Blue mold grows rapidly 
in these injured spots. (Original.) 
would cause unprecedented, decays while the shipments were en route 
to market. 
ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF CONTROL NOT SATISFACTORY UNDER 
HAWAIIAN CONDITIONS. 
It is unfortunate that the satisfactory methods of control used 
against the Mediterranean fruit fly in several other countries, par- 
ticularly in portions of South Africa and Australia, have failed in 
Hawaii. There are, however, several good reasons for such failures. 
The great money-making crops of Hawaii at present are sugar, pine- 
apples, rice, coffee, taro, bananas, and cattle. But sugar, pineapples, 
and taro are not attacked by this fruit fly, and, as already shown, 
coffee and bananas are not sufficiently attacked to hi jure their com- 
mercial value. With one exception, including a small number of 
