MARKETING EASTERN GRAPES. 43 
shipments from this State are no longer confined to neighboring 
territories. Even in the short crop year of 1918 cars were rolled east 
to Massachusetts and New Jersey, south to Florida and Texas, and 
west to Idaho and Wyoming. In that year carlot shipments were 
made to 31 different States and to 169 different cities. 
The largest market for this section is Chicago, to which much stock 
is carried by water freight, Berrien County occupying the same rela- 
tive position to this city that the Hudson Valley district does to New 
York. Heavy shipments are also made by water to Milwaukee and 
other lakeside points. 
The general tendency is to ship toward the West and South; 
States east of Michigan receive but a small proportion of the total 
shipments. Besides the adjacent States of Illinois, Wisconsin, 
Indiana, and Ohio, the Missouri Valley States of Iowa, Missouri, 
Nebraska, and Kansas are heavy receivers; 
OHIO. 
Location and Extent. 
The number of carlot shipments that have moved out of Ohio dur- 
ing the past three years, as shown in Table 1, give no adequate idea 
of the importance of the Lake counties of this State. Ohio follows 
New York and Michigan in importance, and while its production is 
much more scattered than that of Pennsylvania, in total annual ton- 
nage it probably excels that State. The grape sections of Ohio are, 
in effect, a western continuation of the vineyard section of the Chau- 
tauqua-Erie belt, and every lakeside county is a fairly heavy 
producer. 
The proportion of the stock pressed to the stock shipped out is 
higher in Ohio than in any other important eastern State, and as 
much more of this pressed stock was used for wine than for grape 
juice, it is evident that in Ohio the industry is now undergoing a 
radical readjustment. 
Lake County, of which the principal shipping point is Lnion- 
ville, Cuyahoga County near Dover, Erie County near Sandusky, 
and Kelleys Island are the three most intensive producing sections in 
the State. The Sandusky section, which includes Kelleys Island, 
has rivaled Hammondsport, N. Y., as a center of the American 
champagne industry and has used for this purpose a large propor- 
tion of the Catawbas produced locally. 
Table 7 shows the carloading at the various points in Ohio, as 
reported to the Bureau of Markets by the originating railroads. 
