MARKETING EASTERN GRAPES. 6 
The Thirteenth Census, taken in 1909, showed a still further relo- 
cation of production. The decrease in acreage and production in the 
South and the Middle West continued and was particularly marked 
in the southern and central parts of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Dur- 
ing this period the industry assumed approximately the present areas 
of production. Michigan, and, to a much smaller extent, Delaware, 
Missouri, New Jersey, and North Carolina, advanced to the position 
they hold in the industry to-day, while New York's production was 
practically stationary. 
No official data are available as to the acreage or production at the 
present time or the changes that have taken place since 1909, but it 
is safe to say that the commercial acreage has been materially re- 
duced since that year. This reduction has been most marked in New 
York, Ohio, and in the Missouri Valley. Not only has the acreage 
diminished, but, in the opinion of well-informed growers and fac- 
tors, the production per acre in the leading commercial sections is 
by no means equal to that of the early days of the twentieth century. 
Table 1 shows the carlot shipments of Eastern grapes as reported 
to the Bureau of Markets by the various railroads on which the ship- 
ments originated, and incidentally it discloses the effect of the severe 
winter 1917-18 upon the commercial production. 
Table 1. — Carlot shipments of Eastern grapes for 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1919, as 
reported oy originating railroads. 
State. 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
State. 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
15 
34 

143 
30 
1.849 
37 
113 
5 
4,489 
8 
69 
6 
86 
39 
3,667 
33 
8 
1 4 
4,140 
9 
39 
4 
68 
14 
1,637 
26 
2 
1 
2,055 
16 
13 
3 
156 
33 
3,795 
43 
12 

4,215 
North Carolina 
Ohio 
13 
258 

1,012 
1 
2 
30 

215 
2 
827 


36 

54 
3 
367 


59 

108 
Idaho 
Oregon 
4 
Iowa 
Pennsylvania 
1,013 


61 
Total 
New Jersey 
8,031 
9,140 
4,338 
9,472 
CHANGES IN MARKET OUTLETS. 
Not only has the relative importance of various districts changed 
materially during the last two decades, but the purpose for which 
the grapes are used in the different sections has also undergone an 
evolution, gradual but none the less marked. It has been mentioned 
that toward the end of the nineteenth century the use of grapes for 
eating purposes — for table stock — began to surpass the amounts used 
for wine. This tendency continued until about 1907-8, when pro- 
duction became so plentiful that even a combination of good pack- 
ing, low prices, and intensive distribution could hardly suffice to dis- 
pose of the crop as table stock. It was about this time that the manu- 
facture of grape products began to assume an increasingly greater 
