34 BULLETIN 155, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
In 1886-87 the next important pipe line of this kind was built from 
Cherry Creek crossing to Denver. Some of this lasted until 1907, 
when it was replaced by a 80-inch fir pipe. The original line con-— 
sisted of about 7} miles in all, of 37, 30, and 24-inch pipe, the mate- - 
rial being about two-thirds western mailer pine (Pinus ponderosa) 
and the remainder redwood. 
In 1890 a 30-inch pipe was completed from the Platte Canyon to 
Ashland Avenue, Denver, about 21 miles; 16.4 miles of this line is 
wood—Texas pine and California relied It is still in use. In 
the spring of 1890 a 24-inch redwood pipe 54 miles in length was : 
built at Ogden, Utah. In 1911, 4,674 feet of this line was replaced, 
but is still used as an overflow pipe from a reservoir. On a few 
summits, where not always full, the pipe: has decayed badly, but 
with these exceptions the original line is in general very well pre- 
served. When inspected in October, 1912, repairs were being made 
at a river crossing, where settling of the bridge had caused the split- 
ting of many staves, which were being replaced. These staves were 
not rotted materially, but about one-eighth of an inch of the interior 
was so softened that it could be easily scraped off with a knife. 
Many of the staves were also spht back from the saw kerf several 
inches, thus permitting the outer portion to decay more rapidly than 
the rest of the stave. This portion of the pipe at another point, 
where supported on a trestle protected from the sun by rough boards, 
showed the staves to be in a perfect state of preservation. The 
pressure at the latter point was light, as indicated by the spacing of 
bands, which were 1 foot apart. 
A 48-inch redwood pipe, 2,000 feet long, built by the Bear Valley 
Irrigation Co., at Redlands, Cal., in 1891, was in continuous use 
until the summer of 1912, when it was replaced by a ditch. About 
500 feet of this pipe at the upper end was completely buried, and 
of the remainder of the line which was originally supported 200 
to 300 feet became partially covered by slides from the slopes. 
Where in contact with the earth the staves of the pipe were consid- 
erably decayed, but in other parts the wood was well preserved at 
the time of its removal. 
In 1892, 48,193 feet of 24-inch redwood pipe was built for the 
Butte (Mont.) Water Co. Eugene Carrol, manager of the company, 
under date of January 15, 1913, states: ( 
During the past season we had occasion to open this pipe to make a new con- 
nection at the lower end and found it in excellent condition. As far as we 
know, the whole line is in excellent condition, and there has been no deteriora- 
tion noticeable. Of course, the bands are rusted considerably, and when it is 
necessary to remove a band a new one has to be substituted. At one point 
where earth was hard to get we backfilled with broken rock, which allowed 
the air to get to the outside of the pipe. It is our experience that this caused 
the deterioration of the wood, and the broken rock was removed and replaced 
