24 BULLETIN 155, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Highty-four inch.—At Pueblo, Colo., 1911; 18,000 feet; maximum head, 70 
feet; fir staves, 22 inches thick; bands, ? inch diameter; maximum spacing, 10 
inches; minimum, about 4 inches; contract price, $6 per linear foot, including - 
everything except hauling and earthwork. Line very crooked, with 14 vertical 
curves. Much of it is about one-half in ground. Total cost of line was abcut 
$9 per foot, everything included. 
Fir staves at Seattle, Wash. (December, 1919), were quoted at $30 
to $32 per thousand feet b. m., according to size, etc. They take the — 
same freight rate as lumber of the same class. Redwood staves at 
San Francisco were quoted at about $45 per thousand. The price of 
malleable iron shoes, at Marion, Ind., was approximately $3.75 per 
hundredweight on lots of from 1,000 pieces to a carload, with an 
additional charge of 10 cents per hundredweight if dipped in rust- 
proot paiit. Drop forged steel shoes 34 inches long were quoted at 
22 cents to 34 cents each at Ballard, Wash., and 5-inch shoes at 34 
sate to 4 cents each. 
Bands made at Pueblo, Colo., were quoted f. o. b. Spokane, Wash., 
at $2.97 per hundredweight for carload lots, 10 cents per hundred- 
weight additional being charged if required to be bent and dipped. 
Steel tongues are quoted at the same prices as bands. 
Pipe coating of a well-known brand used as a dip for bands was 
quoted at $57.50 per ton f. o. b. the Chicago factory. 
MACHINE-BANDED PIPE. 
Machine-banded pipe is being very extensively manufactured on 
the Pacific coast and at several points in the Eastern States. The 
principal factories of the West are at San Francisco, Cal.; Portland, 
Oreg.; Tacoma, Wash.; Seattle, Wash.; and Vancouver, B.C. Other 
factories are at iS iia IN: Y.-- Bay. City, Mich.; Williamsport, Pa. ; 
and Alexandria, La. 
Redwood is used for the pipe made at San Francisco, while fir is 
used exclusively at the other western points mentioned. The eastern 
factories use white pine and tamarack, principally, for water pipe, 
and hard maple, beech, and birch for special mining purposes. In 
Louisiana, water pipe is made from cypress, which wood is used also 
for steam-pipe casing. 
The original machine-banded pipe consisted of logs turned in a 
lathe, machine bored, and then wound with continuous flat steel 
bands. Pipe of this type in sizes from 2 to 6 inches in diameter is 
still manufactured in Michigan, but most of the machine-banded pipe 
is now made up of staves, the sections ranging in length from 8 feet 
to 12 feet in the East, and to 20 feet in the West. Diameters run 
from 2 inches up to 48 inches. Western factories, however, build 
little pipe of this kind more than 24 inches in diameter. 
