WOOD PIPE FOR CONVEYING IRRIGATION WATER. 11 
come this tendency it is now a common practice to specify additional 
bands at the joints, and to bring all joints within a space of 2 to 
4 feet. 
COUPLING SHOES. 
The designing of shoes is now left principally to the manufactur- 
ers, and selection may be made from a number of patterns. Light 
weight in most instances, where not subject to excessive corrosion, 
is the chief consideration after strength equal to that of the bands 
is assured. Cast-iron shoes were used principally during the earlier 
years of continuous stave pipe building. They were heavy and 
easily broken, and on this account common cast iron has given place 
to malleable cast iron and steel. Malleable iron for this purpose 
should be of the most tenacious character, capable of standing con- 
siderable hammering without fracture. The tensile strength. should 
be not less than 40,000 pounds per square inch of section. Steel for 
shoes should in quality be equal in all respects to that required for 
bands. 

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FLEVATION 



Fic, 1.—Kelsey joint. 
JOINTS. 
In designing butt joints, the use of thin steel clips inserted in 
saw kerfs is almost universal. Some variations from this form of 
joint have been tried, however. In the “ Dwelle” pipe staves were 
tongued and grooved at the ends. In the “ Wheeler” pipe a loose 
oak tongue was used instead of a steel clip, and on a pipe at Victor, 
Colo., clips of papier-maché were used. None of these proved satis- 
factory. Another joint, known as the “ Kelsey butt joint,” is notably 
different from the usual type. This was used on pipe lines of Provo 
City, the Spanish Fork waterworks, and others in Utah, designed 
by F. C. Kelsey a number of years ago, and on the Blacksmith 
Fork pipe line built in the northern part of the State in 1912. This 
joint (fig. 1) consists of a malleable casting which takes the place of 
the metal clips and also fits tightly over the ends of the abutting 
staves. It is very highly recommended by engineers who have triec| 
it, and appears to possess considerable merit. The cost is somewhat 
