MILK PRODUCTION AND BODY INCBEASE OF DAIBY COWS 
25 
ratio of time standing to time lying was about the same during each 
of the three periods. 
THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT 
On account of unavoidable circumstances, it was impossible to 
determine the maintenance requirements of the experimental subjects. 
It was necessary, therefore, to assume these requirements on the 
basis of published averages. Lately Hills (7), from his extensive 
long-time practical maintenance experiments, reached the conclusion 
that Armsby's and Eckles's standards for maintenance of cattle per 
1,000 pounds live weight are essentially correct. The maintenance 
requirements of the three cows therefore have been computed 
according to Armsby's standard; they are based upon the live 
weight of each period for cow 631, and on the average live weight 
for cows 615 and 579. The results thus computed expressed in 
weight of dry matter of the feed, and its equivalent in metabolizable 
energy computed according to both the usual and improved methods, 
are given in Table 21. 
Table 21. — Computed maintenance requirements of the subjects of the experiment 
reported 
Period 
Average 
live 
weight 
Digesti- 
ble true 
protein 
Net 
energy 
Feed dry matter 
Metabolizable 
energy 
Cow No. 
Grain 
mixture 
Alfalfa 
hay 
Usual 
method 
Im- 
proved 
method 
631 
1 HI 
I III 
{ 4 
Kilograms 
334 
360 
390 
t 366 
} 370 
Grams 
185 
195 
205 
f 196 
\ 196 
I 196 
/ 198 
\ 198 
Therms 
4.88 
5.13 
5.40 
5.17 
5.17 
5.17 
5.22 
5.22 
Grams 
2,132 
2,236 
2, 364 
2,259 
2,259 
2,259 
2,282 
2,282 
Grams 
1,445 
1,523 
1,600 
1,532 
1,532 
1,532 
1,545 
1,545 
Calories 
8, 609. 9 
8, 935. 2 
9, 644. 3 
9, 299. 5 
9, 410. 5 
9, 373. 5 
9, 785. 8 
9, 524. 8 
Calories 
6, 895. 1 
7, 201. 1 
615 
7, 880. 9 
7, 688. 6 
7, 785. 1 
579 
7,719.1 
8, 065. 5 
7, 800. 1 
In order that the continuity of the computations may be main- 
tained Table 22 has been inserted to show the influence of the cor- 
rection for body gain or loss on the availability of the metabolizable 
energy for milk production. 
Table 22. — Influence of correction for gain or loss by the body on availability of 
the metabolizable energy for milk production 
Cow No. 
Period 
Energy correction for 
body gain 
Energy available for 
milk production 
Usual 
method 
Improved 
method 
Usual 
method 
Improved 
method 
631 
f I 
II 
III 
I 
II 
III 
/ I 
\ II 
Calories 
+444. 4 
+7, 353. 6 
Calories 
+363. 2 
+6, 009. 1 
Calories 
8, 295. 6 
802.0 
Calories 
6, 636. 
563.7 
615.. 
+1, 007. 7 
-160. 7 
-650. 3 
+772. 3 
+1, 378. 5 
+823. 5 
-160.7 
-650. 3 
+631. 1 
+1, 126. 5 
7, 946. 
9, 173. 3 
9, 584. 
10, 325. 3 
9, 685. 
6, 579. 3 
7, 616. 5 
579 
8, 007. 3 
8. 515. 6 
7, 933. 7 
