PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS. 9 
URBAN POPULATION AND DEMAND FOR MARKET MILK. 
Iii 1910 there were 50 cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more, of which 
19 were in the North Atlantic States and 15 in the North Central 
States. Of the cities which had 2,500 inhabitants or more, 861 out 
of a total of 2,405 were in the North Atlantic States and 805 in the 
North Central States. 
This calls attention to the fact that the demand for market 
milk is greater in these two geographic divisions. Looking at the 
same fact from another point of view, in the New England States 
5 out of 6 persons live in cities of 2,500 inhabitants or more. In the 
Middle Atlantic, 7 out of 10; in the East North Central, 1 out of 2, 
and in the West North Central, 1 out of 3. These ratios call atten- 
tion to the demand that there must be for market milk. 
It should also be remembered that there are a large number of 
farms in the United States where no dairy cows are kept, and there 
are also a large number of people living in cities or small towns of 
less than 2,500 inhabitants. A larger percentage of the farms of the 
North Atlantic and North Central States report dairy cows than the 
other geographic divisions. In the South the percentage of farms 
reporting dairy cows and the average number of cows per farm is 
small. 
In 1900 and 1910 the census gave data from which the quantity 
of dairy products not sold off farms could be obtained. From these 
data it is estimated that 58 per cent of the milk produced in 1910 
was used to make factory butter and cheese, or for other uses off of the 
farm. A similar percentage for 1900 was 69. Of all the butter and 
cheese made on farms a decreasing percentage was sold; that is, the 
production of butter and cheese on farms is primarily for home con- 
sumption. These changes were more marked in the North Atlantic, 
East North Central, and Pacific States than in the other geographic 
divisions. This calls attention to the point made above, that the 
manufacture of dairy products on farms is decreasing most rapidly 
where the dairy industry is most important. 
DISPOSAL OF DAIRY PRODUCTS. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS. 
In the North Atlantic, North Central, and Pacific States dairying is 
carried on primarily for the sale of milk rather than for the manufac- 
ture of butter on the farm. In the New England and Middle Atlantic 
States it is generally sold as market milk; while in the North Central 
States most of it is sold on the basis of its butter-fat content, the 
greater part of it going to butter and cheese factories. 
73149°— Bull. 177—15 2 
