6 BULLETIN 195, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
the Garnet Chili, thus making it a second-generation seedling of the 
Kough Purple Chili. 
In view of the testimony already presented regarding the parentage 
of a few of our better known varieties of potatoes, there seems to 
be every justification for claiming that Goodrich's efforts were 
epoch making. 
TECHNIQUE OF POTATO BREEDLNG. 
The floral organs of the potato are of such simple structure as to 
render the task of manipulating the flowers a comparatively easy 
one. The two organs immediately concerned in plant breeding are 
the pistil and the stamens. The potato plant bears perfect flowers; 
that is, each flower when normally developed has both pistil and sta- 
mens, or female and male organs of reproduction. 
STRUCTURE OF THE PISTIL. 
Each flower bears but one pistil. The style of the pistil varies 
from 6 to 9 lines in length and from one- third to two-thirds of a line 
in thickness. Generally speaking, the shorter the style, the more 
fleshy it is. Some styles are greatly curved, while others are only 
slightly so, and a few are perfectly straight. The 2-lobed stigma 
also varies very greatly in size. Some stigmas are very slightly 
enlarged and somewhat cup shaped, while others are considerably 
enlarged, having well-rounded lobes covered with short papillse. 
STRUCTURE OF THE STAMENS. 
The potato flower normally possesses five stamens, though occasion- 
ally four or six have been noted. The stamens have short, thick 
filaments with large, fleshy, erect anthers which stand close together 
around the style, like a cone in the center of the flower (PL I, fig. 1,A). 
The placenta, which divides the anther longitudinally into two equal 
parts, is rather thick and fleshy. The halves or lobes of the anthers 
have small terminal pore openings, through which the ripe pollen 
grains normally escape. In many varieties, the anthers are so poorly 
developed that the terminal pores do not open, although they are 
not so undeveloped as to be devoid of pollen. In such cases the 
membranous outer covering of each lobe of the anthers may be slit 
open and the pollen grains scraped off into a watch glass by means of 
a scalpel, forceps, or needle. 
The color of the stamens varies greatly with different varieties. 
Some are a pale lemon yellow, while others are a bright orange 
yellow, with all the intergradations of color between these two. Only 
one instance has come to the writer's attention in which the color 
of the stamens did not answer to the above description, and that was 
in the case of a wild Mexican species, Solarium cardiopTiyllum lanceo- 
latum (Berth.) Bitter, where the anthers were chocolate brown with a 
