TESTS OF OFFICIAL COTTON STANDARDS FOE GRADE. 27 
cast when compared with the goods made from Middling cotton or 
that of a better grade. The lower grades might have been bleached 
more satisfactorily if in some of the processes the factors of time, 
concentration, and temperature had been altered. 
A comparison of the waste and tensile strength of the old per- 
missive cotton grades, as determined by tests made in the fall of 1913 
on the 1012 crop, with the results of tests made on the present 
Official Cotton Standards in the spring of 1916 on the 1914 crop, shows 
that the changes made in the revision of the old permissive grades 
did not change the percentages of waste in the corresponding grades, 
but involved principally the factor of color and affected chiefly the 
lower grades. 
The tests based on the Official Cotton Standards of the United 
States show that after making allowances for the losses due to the 
cleaning processes there is comparatively little difference between 
the grades above and those below Middling in the price paid by the 
manufacturer for each pound of the usable cotton obtained from 
bales of the different grades, but that there is a difference in the 
intrinsic value per pound of the manufactured product. Accord- 
ingly, on the basis of quotations and values at the time of the tests, 
the inducement in the price paid to the farmer for the production of 
high-grade cotton was not commensurate with the greater value to 
the manufacturer of the product derived from such cotton. 
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