24 
BULLETIN 591, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTTJBE. 
beginning of the tests and when weighed at the cards was 9.17 and 
5.40 per cent, respectively, while the moisture content of the old 
permissive cotton grades at the same places was 7.95 and 6.06 per 
cent, respectively. These differences explain in part the differences 
described as invisible waste percentages. 
The spinning tests of the Official Cotton Standards showed that 
the western cotton was approximately 1 per cent more wasty than 
the eastern cotton, while with the old permissive grades the reverse 
was shown. In both tests the yarn (22's) made from the western 
cotton was approximately 3 pounds per skein stronger than that 
made from the eastern cotton. 
(D 
(2) 
Old Permissive Cotton Grades 
Present Official Cotton Standards 
Fig. 8.— Total waste percentages of the old permissive cotton grades compared with those in the present 
Official Cotton Standards. (Mill tests.) 
In this comparison a very close relation is shown to exist, especially 
with reference to the percentage of waste in each corresponding grade. 
While the tests were made on different crops under somewhat different 
conditions, a comparison of the results obtained in the two tests 
indicates that the changes which were made in the new grades made 
practically no difference in the waste percentages, but involved 
principally a change in the degree or depth of color, particularly in 
the lower grades. 
SUMMARY. 
This bulletin gives the results of manufacturing tests made of 
cotton representing Middling Fair, Good Middling, Middling, Low 
Middling, and Good Ordinary of the Official Cotton Standards 
of the United States. The spinning and weaving tests were con- 
ducted in a cotton mill in the North, and check tests were made in a 
