4 BULLETIN 423, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
of New York and as far west as the Finger Lake district. In this 
entire area all of the above three conditions — market, adaptability of 
the area to dairying, and transportation facilities — are present; 
hence there has been developed a most intensive form of the market 
milk industiy. Boston may be cited as another city presenting simi- 
lar conditions, but on a much smaller scale. 
In no other part of the United States do like conditions obtain. 
The large cities of the Central West, it is true, offer a large market 
for fresh milk, but the natural, topographical, and soil conditions of 
the environing farming areas are more or less favorable to crop pro- 
duction; hence we find in these areas a less intensive type of dairying 
than we find in the more rugged country about the great cities of the 
Fig. 2. — Typical topography of the Eastern dairy farm, where the dairy is the dominant 
factor in determining labor requirements. 
East. Only in the immediate vicinity of the largest cities of the 
Central West is market milk produced intensively. Dairy farms lo- 
cated outside of this limited area receive a much smaller proportion 
of their income from dairy products than does the average dairy 
farm of the East. (See fig. 3.) It is from such farms that much of 
the butter and cheese made in the United States comes. The total 
value of Iowa's dairy products is great, yet the majority of Iowa 
farmers maintain comparatively small herds of dairy cattle. Accord- 
ing to the Thirteenth Census, in 1909 this State ranked third in the 
production of butter, with Wisconsin first and Minnesota second. 
Thus it will be seen that there are two distinct types of dairy 
farming in vogue in this country — the strictly dairy type of the 
comparatively rugged Northeastern States and the mixed type which 
prevails throughout the dairy regions of the Middle West. 
