CONTROL OF SAPONIFIED SOLUTIONS 
9 
recognized as possible by Weiss, but apparently not regarded as 
quantitatively significant. 
Table 1. — Distillation data on cresols and kerosene 
[Temperatures as read, uncorrected, on a 14-inch thermometer, graduated from —30° to 400° C] 
Percentage of total distilled— 
Temperature ° C. 
Percentage of total distilled— 
Temperature ° C. 
'Cresol 
LB. 
Cresol 
HB. 
Kerosene 
Cresol 
LB. 
Cresol 
HB. 
Kerosene 
190 
Per cent 
3.0 
58.0 
Per cent 
Per cent 
220 
Per cent 
Per cent 
91.5 
Per cent 
200 
13.5 
225 
98.0 
205 
12.5 
39.5 
230 
52.5 
208 
238 
99.0 
210.. 
94.0 
250 
75.5 
212. 
67.5 
340. -. 
97.0 
215.. 
31.5 
EXPERIMENT 2(a) 
About TO cubic centimeters of purified kerosene in a Weiss tar-acid 
funnel, type 2, were shaken with 25 cubic centimeters of 10 per cent 
NaOH solution and measured at 25° C. after complete removal of 
the aqueous layer. Then were added 25 cubic centimeters of m-cresol 
of " highest purity " and the solution was extracted three times with 
10 per cent NaOH according to the details of the writer's " standard 
method," later given (p. 15). Final measurement at 25° C. showed 
a loss of 0.05 cubic centimeter in the volume of kerosene. A fourth 
extraction with 10 per cent NaOH solution effected no further per- 
ceptible diminution in volume. 
EXPERIMENT 2(b) 
Cresol H B was redistilled and 25 cubic centimeters were dissolved 
in 50 cubic centimeters C. P. benzene in a separatory funnel. The 
solution was first extracted with 25 cubic centimeters of 5 per cent 
H 2 S0 4 , then with 100 cubic centimeters of 10 per cent NaOH. The 
alkaline extract was diluted with 75 cubic centimeters of water and 
boiled to its original volume in a flask, the distillate being passed 
through a Wagner tube into 80 cubic centimeters of 10 per cent 
NaOH. The residue, thus freed from tar bases and oils, was shaken 
through kerosene in a type 2 tar-acid funnel, the kerosene having 
been measured at 25° C. after a preliminary shaking with 10 per cent 
NaOH. The distillate was shaken through the benzene solution left 
from the first alkaline extraction, boiled down to 80 cubic centi- 
meters, and passed through the kerosene in the tar-acid funnel, after 
which the latter was finally extracted with 60 cubic centimeters more 
of the 10 per cent NaOH. The volume of kerosene at 25° C. became 
diminished by 0.10 cubic centimeter as the result of the operation. 
It appears, then, that the operation of shaking out the phenols 
with 10 per cent sodium-hydroxide solution may be accompanied by 
a loss of between 0.05 and 0.10 cubic centimeters of the kerosene. 
The loss will naturally tend to increase with the boiling point of the 
phenols that are present, for with the increment of aliphatic side 
8898°- 
