

62 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
surface, light green on upper, tinged with red in autumn. Groove usually 
narrow and rather deep. Glands two to four, commonly three or four, small, 
elevated oval, grayish brown. Glands on petiole near blade. 
Bearing habit—Erratic in bearing, especially as trees get old. Most nuts 
on wood 2 and 3 years old, but many also borne on laterals and on old wood. 
Nuts in pairs quite common. Spurs occasionally 2 years of age, bearing from 
side bud to second year; vary in diameter, usually rather thick (7 inch) and 
medium in length (4 inch); expand gradually to wide oval disk (#6 by 4. 
inch), which is only slightly larger than spur diameter. Buds free, very long, 
conical, tapering from base up, sharp pointed. 
NUT 
Immature nut.—Size medium to quite large (1¢ by 14 by 1 inches). Shape 
irregular oval; part to ventral side of axis oval or slightly ovate; part to 
dorsal side of axis, long, oblong ovate. Ventral edge much curved; smooth 
or with very slight ridge; suture depression very shallow (¢% to s» inch) ; 
narrow (ij inch). Dorsal edge nearly straight, curving suddenly at apex; 
tendency to be slightly ridged. Base curved and scalloped slightly; bluntly 
constricted; ventral shoulder sloping; dorsal shoulder square, but not promi- 
nent. Cavity + inch wide and 35 to 7s inch deep. Apex bluntly pointed, with 
dorsal edge sharply rounding and ventral edge sloping and slightly curved; 
suture depression deeper at apex on ventral side of rudiment than elsewhere; 
style drops early.as a rule; rudiment quite small, pubescent. 
Hull: Outer surface green, many times with pink splashes; turns yellowish 
as dehiscence proceeds; pubescence very abundant, Short, fine, gray, felty. 
Inner surface nearly white as it starts to dehisce, soen turning brown. Usually 
dehisces on ventral edge only; halves open equally or unequally, some dehisce 
on dorsal edge also; cracks may appear at various places on hull. Ripening 
date, August 8 to September 5, depending on Season and locality. 
Hulled nut.—(Pl. VI, B.) Size average medium (12 by $ by 2 inches). Num- 
ber to the pound, 200 to 260. Percentage of kernel to nut in hand-cracked 
samples, 25 to 40. 
Shape: Moderately plump; rather long ovate with straight dorsal side (viewed 
edgewise, long ovate, sides usually symmetrical). Ventral edge gradually and 
evenly curved, curving most at apex and base; wing rather thick and of 
medium prominence, distinct, lacking in prominence at apex. Sides curving 
to wing rather abruptly. Dorsal edge very gently curving, curving sharply at 
immediate apex; dorsal ridge narrow to medium, medium prominent, and 
usually of same texture as shell on each side of it. Base plump and rather 
truncate, but sometimes round; dorsal shoulder rather square, but lacks 
prominence, sloping immediately from stem scar; ventral shoulder curves 
sharply and evenly; stem scar smal] to medium, short and wide, frequently 
round, usually very slightly depressed; at right angles to axis or sloping very 
slightly either dorsally or ventrally. Apex tapering gradually to tip of nut. 
(Viewed edgewise the lower half of the nut has a tendency to be cuneiform in 
appearance.) Extreme apex rather blunt with short acute tip to wing. 
Shell: Medium brown; hardness varies, can sometimes be crushed with 
fingers, sometimes not; just within the soft-shell class, frequently much harder. 
Pits numerous, deep, of varying sizes and shapes, but mostly small and round. 
Shell between pits marked with shallow indentations of about the size of pits. 
Outer shell of medium thickness; frequently spongy, but not always. Short 
grooves oblique to wing on both sides and around stem sear on base. Canals 
large, round. Network coarse. Fibers large. Inner shell hard and quite thick. 
Inner surface sharply undulating, especially near apex; lighter brown in 
color than outer surface. Ventral streak dark brown, medium to _ long, 
medium in width, with sides slightly wavy, seldom clear cut and straight; nar- 
rows from middle gradually to acute apex and to base where dark-brown part 
ends in bluntly rounding point, usually continued for a short distance toward 
base in lighter brown color than rest of streak. 
Kernel: Size variable, averages medium ({% by 4 by *¥ inch). A number of 
doubles (9 per cent). Shape plump, ovate. Dorsal edge usually straight. 
Ventral edge slightly curved; sharply curved at shoulder. Base fairly plump; 
vent;'al shoulder sloping, but gradually curved; dorsal shoulder sharply round- 
ing. Apex varies from blunt to acute, usually quite plump. Pellicle dark 
brown, thick, tough; pubescence considerable, coarse, short; pellicle fold promi- 
pert on apex half of ventral edge; base scar dark in color, medium size, short 
avd wide, Kernel wrinkles much upon drying. Quality fair, sweet. 
