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68 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Description 
TREE 
Large; moderately upright (ratio of width of head to height, 1:1). Very 
vigorous. Trunk very stocky; bark rough, exfoliates in thick patches. 
Main branches.—Long, stocky. tend to grow upright. Branching angle mod- 
erately acute. Wood somewhat brittle. Many knots. Bark very rough and 
deeply cracked on old branches. Under bark grayish brown; outer layers ash ~ 
gray, giving the older branches a distinctly gray color; exfoliates in heavy 
patches on old wood and in thick small flakes on young branches. Young 
branches usually gray in color. 
Twigs—Produced profusely. Moderately long and slender. Rigid. Branch- 
ing angle moderately acute. Wood brittle. Nodes medium in size. Internodes 
short to medium (4 to 1 inch). Bark thick, tough, bright light green, with 
heavy, waxy, gray bloom; dark patches present in fall. 
Lenticels—Numerous, small (on 8 to 10 year-old wood, z5 by x to is by 4 
inch), wide, short, elliptical with bluntly acute or short acuminate ends, raised, 
dull gray, quite rough, longitudinal cracks in center. On smaller branches 
lenticels are wide, oval, much raised, dark gray; very numerous on twigs. 
Foliage—Dense. Leaves very large; frequently wavy, twisty, curved, or 
rolled up along midrib. Retains leaves late. 
Blade: Large, but many small ones present (size 14 by 3 to 2 by 44 inches; 
average, 13 by 4 inches; ratio of width to length, about 2:5). Shape wide 
ovate, elliptical, or obovate; generally wide ovate. Base somewhat truncate, 
broadly round, or widely acute to obtuse; origin of sides either symmetrical 
or unsymmetrical; short stipules are common and usually occur singly. Apex 
tapering and acute or bluntly acute, but sometimes bluntly round at tip. 
Marginal crenations short and rather shallow, but somewhat variable, fre- 
quently deep and long near base of blade; bristles usually short and fine. 
Main rib rather large, prominent, and usually pubescent. Veins very distinct; 
large veins usually elevated on upper surface. (This characteristic is more 
marked in this variety than in any other.) Upper surface light green; lower 
surface duli and lighter in color than upper. 
Petiole: Thick and short (average length, ? inch, but vary somewhat; ratio 
of length of petiole to length of blade, about 1:5). Pale yellowish green. 
Groove usually wide and shallow. Glands two to four, usually two, globular, 
medium sized, yellowish, frequently stipulelike, one or two basal crenations 
frequently glandular. 
Bearing habit—Mostly on wood 2 and 3 years old. Considerable number 
of nuts borne on laterals as well as on spurs. Spurs medium in thickness 
(4 inch) and length medium (7 inch) ; expand gradually to form round disk 
one-fourth inch in diameter. Buds free, very large, long, plump in middle; 
scales medium in size, brown, rather thick, tough, bluntly pointed with much 
heavy pubescence. 

NUT 
Immature nut.—Large (2 by 1; by 1 inches). Shape long, plump, oval; 
part on ventral edge of axis long. oval; part on dorsal edge oblong. Ventral 
edge gently curved, usually quite straight at base, and most curved at apex; 
generally full and smooth, but sometimes has slight ridge; suture depression 
very shallow and narrow, usually a mere line, extending a short distance to 
dorsal side of rudiment. Dorsal edge rather straight, curved most at apex 
as a rule. Base tapering from middle of nut upward, pointed; ventral 
shoulder very sloping and straight, depressed; cavity very shallow. Apex 
slightly tapering and round, slightly depressed, with almost straight dorsal 
edge; style drops rather late; rudiment quite large. Outer surface of hull 
green; pubescence very abundant, short, fine, gray. DehisceS on ventral edge 
only, edges tend to roll inward. Ripens August 15 to September 30. Irregu- 
lar in ripening, the same tree having green nuts not even started to dehisce 
while others are in the late ripening stage ready to be harvested. 
Hulled nut.—(P1l. VII, A.) Size rather large, varies on same tree (1% by 
t# by 4 to 2 by = by § inches). Number to the pound, 125 to 180. Percentage 
of kernel to nut in hand-cracked samples, 45. 
Shape: Rather plump, very long, narrow-ovate (viewed edgewise, long 
ovate or long oval; sides sometimes unsymmetrical). Ventral edge curved 
gradually; frequently rather straight at base, most sharply curved at apex. 

