40 BULLETIN 1282, U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE | 
edge gently curving, with short. sharp incurve at apex; ridge slight, suture line 
visible at base. Base somewhat flat, medium wide; dorsal shoulder square, 
but not prominent; ventral shoulder sharply rounding; stem scar rather large, 
long, oval, at right angles to axis or sloping slightly ventrally, sometimes 
dorsally. Apex pointed. tip sharp; wing visible at apex; usually small, crack- 
like depressions are present on both sides of the wing at extreme apex of the 
nut, giving it a three-pointed appearance when viewed from the dorsal edge, 
and when the depressions are absent a dorsal view of the apex shows it to be ~ 
rather blunt with one side projecting slightly farther than the other. 
Shell: Very hard and thick. Outer shell very thick, compact, hard. Outer 
surface, light to dark brown, with varying number of short, irregular grooves. 
Canals large. Pits vary in number, size, and shape, but are usually larger 
and more numerous near apex than elsewhere. Surface between pits usually 
smooth, but sometimes stippled. Grooved heavily at ventral edge, grooves 
usually short and deep. Fine grooves at base. Dorsal edge with pits and 
short grooves. Inner shell thick and inner surface dark brown, undulating. 
Ventral streak medium in length, wide, darker in color than rest of inner 
surface; frequently lighter in color at apex than at base. 
Kernel: A few doubles (5 per cent). Size, medium to quite large (average 
1 by 3 by ¥ inch), fills shell fairly well, but shrinks considerably when drying. 
Shape medium plump. ovate, sides gently curved. Base usually round; some- 
times ventral shoulder slopes more than dorsal. Apex bluntly pointed. Pel- 
licle dark brown, heavily pubescent; veins numerous, small. Flavor insipid, 
slightly sweet, poor. 
Distinguishing characteristics—The nuts of this variety are shaped very 
much like the Cartagena and belong to the group including the Brown, Carta- 
gena. Fairoaks, Golden State, Rice, Routier, and several unnamed California 
seedlings. The Concord can be distinguished from practically all the other 
varieties by the extreme apex. which is very thick and truncate when viewed 
dorsally. and generally two marked depressions each side of the wing give the 
apex a three-lobed appearance in dorsal view: furthermore, the ventral edge 
has numerous oblique and very deep short grooves, which is not the case in 
other varieties of this class. The pubescence on the Kernel is very coarse and 
abundant. 
COMMENTS 
One of the poorest of all varieties. Its hard shell, poor flavor, and coarse 
appearance condemn it. Fortunately, the variety is not extensively grown. 
15. COVER 
Origin.—A seedling variety originated on the J. A. Cover ranch, near Mo- 
desto, Calif. Mr. Cover believes it to be a cross of the Jordan and Ne Plus 
Ultra. He has propagated trees of the variety on his ranch since 1915. 
Description 
TREE 
Upright (ratio of width of head to height. 3:4) ; moderately vigorous grower 
like the Rock type of Jordan. Trunk tends to grow rather slender and straight; 
bark rough. 
Main branches.—Long,. straight. upright. Branching angle acute. Wood 
tough. Bark smooth on young wood except for small knots and raised lenticels. 
Twigs—Very numerous, short, rigid. Branching angle acute. Wood tough. 
Nodes fairly large. Internodes rather short (3 to ? inch). Bark tough, bright 
green even late in autumn. 
Lenticels—Very numerous: evenly distributed: much raised: gray: wide 
oval: ends acute: size on 4 to 6 year-old wood, x: by xs to vs by } inch. 
Foliage-——Dense. Stays on tree late in fall. 
Blade: Rather small (average, = by 22? inches, ratio of width to length, 
about 1:3). Leaves vary in width. Shape varies, ovate or elliptical. Base 
obtuse and rounded; origin of sides mostly unsymmetrical. Apex bluntly acute, 
margins curve outward and bulge in middle, crenate, frequently doubly crenate ; 
crenations short, wide, with long bristle. Upper surface, smooth, light green. 
Lower surface lighter in color than upper. Blade flat with tendency to curl 
at apex. 

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