94 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Main branches.——Medium short and stocky, rather upright, tend to curve or 
grow crooked; branching angle widely acute. Bark reddish brown, frequently 
with gray patches of epidermis; exfoliates in rather large flakes. 
Twigs—Growth medium. Branching angle acute. Nodes rather large. In- 
ternodes medium in length (3 to ? inch). Wood brittle. Bark medium tough, 
light green, smooth, with small quantity of bloom. 
Lenticels Medium to numerous in number; large (on wood 8 to 10 years 
old, average size ss by #2 inch), long, wideelliptical; sides bulge in center; 

apexes acute. On older wood very long, acuminate, raised, rough, dark gray.” 
Foliage—Of medium density. Leaves flat or gently rolled upward from 
midrib, frequently twisted with wavy margin, especially late in season. Many 
small leaves on old wood, especially in dry seasons. (See Pl. XXI, B.) 
Blade: Medium in size (2 by 3 inches, ratio of width to length, about 2:9). 
Mature leaves, long, narrow, ovate or ovate-elliptical. Immature leaves usually 
elliptical; widest portion at a point one-third way from base to apex. Base 
wide, obtuse, Sometimes acute; origin of sides usually symmetrical or very 
slightly unsymmetrical. Apex bluntly acute. Margins gently curving from 
widest portion to apex; crenations very shallow, long, frequently serrations 
present. Midrib, prominent. Veins distinct. Upper surface glossy, bright 
deep green; lower surface dull green. 
Petiole: Medium length (£ inch; ratio of length of petiole to length of blade, 
2:7). End of petiole where attached to stem has a tendency to widen. 
Groove shallow, wide. Upper surface of blade usually tinged with red. Glands 
two to four, generally two, nearly opposite, globular, yellowish, small, on 
petiole near base of blade. 
Bearing habit—On spurs; mostly on wood 2 and 3 years old. Spurs rather 
stocky (¢ inch), medium in length (4 inch) ; expand rapidly to oval disk zs by 
+ inch. Buds conical, pointed, constricted at base. 
NUT 
Immature nut—Size variable, average medium (12 by 12 by # inches). 
Shape ovate, i. e., part to ventral side of axis ovate; part to dorsal side oval. 
Ventral edge curved more than dorsal, curved most near base, gradually de- 
creasing in curve until apex is reached; ventral ridge absent or slight; ventral 
suture depression =» inch wide by 2; inch deep. Dorsal edge plump, generally 
curved, curving sharply at tip, at which point it is frequently incurving. Base 
round or bluntly tapering; stem cavity 2s inch deep, $ inch across, and dorsally 
sloping. Rudiment small. 
Hull: Outer surface green, turning yellowish green and finally to grayish 
brown; pubescence abundant, medium in length, medium coarse, felty, gray. 
Inner surface green at first, turning to dark reddish brown as dehiscence pro- 
ceeds, frequently with margins darker than the rest of the nut. Dehisces along 
ventral edge, the halves spreading open at the base and curling inward at the 
apex. Does not dehisce on dorsal edge excepting short cracks at base and apex. 
Hulled nut.—(P1. 1, 0.) Size variable, small to medium (13 by ? by ze to 12 
by 1 by ié inches). Number of nuts to the pound, 136 to 210. Percentage of 
kernel to nut in hand-cracked samples, 48. 
Shape: Moderately plump, ovate; moderately wide: viewed edgewise, dis- 
tinctly ovate, with sides generally symmetrical, curving regularly. Ventral 
edge much curved, curve gradually increasing from middle to apex. Wing 
distinct, moderately pronounced, rather thin, running entire length of ventral 
edge, ending in a sharp tip at apex of nut. Dorsal edge quite straight, being 
very slightly curved, distinctly ridged throughout its entire length. Base 
plump, round, or very slightly truncate. Stem scar small; slightly dorsally 
sloping, occasionally at right angles to axis. Axis close to dorsal edge of nut. 
Apex acute, with mucronate point. Viewed ~edgewise, sides at apex curve 
sharply outwards. 
Shell: Color of outer surface light to dark brown. Ventral edge decidedly 
pink in color, the pink color being especially striking shortly after the nut is 
bulled: after a few months the bright pink fades to a pinkish brown. Pits 
numerous, especially near apex, variable in size, deep, usually round. Short 
grooves along edge of wing run obliquely outward toward apex, a few short 
grooves at base. Surface between pits stippled. Shell generally soft, but 
varies in this respect, outer shell being sometimes soft and crumbly and some- 
times so hard as to render cracking with the fingers difficult. Canals large. 
Inner shell hard. Inner surface light brown, smooth, with very slight ridges. 
