92 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Twigs.—Short, straight, stocky, rigid. Branching angle wide. Wood quite 
tough and hard. Nodes moderately large. Internodes usually rather short 
(4 to 1 inch). Bark light green, tinged with dark brownish red in fall. 
Lenticels—Usually numerous, medium in size (on wood 8 to 10 years old, zs 
by #s to ss by + inch); raised, rough, gray, wide, short, ends bluntly acute, 
extreme apexes sometimes short, acuminate. Frequently inccnspicuous on 
young growth on account of striations. On twigs, lenticels numerous, medium 
in Size, gray, conspicuous. 
Foliage.—Moderately dense; in some seasons less dense than in others. 
Leaves on individual branches medium in number and size, tend to recurve 
and to curve up along midrib. 
Blade: Size averages medium, but varies somewhat (2% by 2 to 1% by 33 
inches; average, 1 by 3 inches; ratio of width to length averages 1:3). Shape 
rather wide ovate or elliptical; widest part one-third of way from base to apex. 
Base obtuse to acute, frequently rounding; origin of margins symmetrical or 
unsymmetrical. Apex broadly acute, occasionally tapering slightly, sides cury- 
ing gradually. Margins irregular crenate; crenations generally coarse; bristles 
long, gray, harrow. Midrib somewhat slender, medium prominent, light green. 
Veins distinct. Color of upper surtace of blade dull, medium dark green. 
Lower surface dark green, slightly lighter than upper, but darker than in 
most other varieties, with some bloom. 
Petiole: Rather long for size of leaf (average, ~ inch; ratio of length of 
petiole to length of blade, about 2:7); varies in thickness, average somewhat 
stocky. Upper surface medium green, tinged with red in autumn. Groove 
deep, medium width, glands two to four, usually two, commonly three, large, 
brownish, yellow, or grayish, globular, or oval protruding glands on petiole 
near base of blade or on lower crenations of blade. 
Bearing habit—Exceedingy heavy bearer, so much so that the tree is 
stunted by the heavy crop production. Spurs in clusters on wood 1 to 5 years 
old. Compound spurs long (4 to 13 inches), thick (4 to 4 inch). Single spurs 
long (4 to 2 inch) and thick (% to + inch) ; disk large, wide-oval (# by #s+ 
inch). Buds moderately large, free, plump, tapering; scales large, thin, me- 
dium brittle, dark brown, with considerable short pubescence on edges. 
NUT 
Immature nut.—Medium size (average, 1% by 14 by 7 inches). Shape plump, 
broad oval to ovate, part on ventral side of axis ovate, part on dorsal side 
oblong-ovate or oval. Ventral edge much curved; ventral ridge pronounced 
(4 inch high, + to 2 inch wide); suture line in middle of ridge, shallow and 
narrow. Dorsal edge gently curved, less curved in middle than elsewhere; 
slightly bulged or ridged at apex. Base broadly rounding, slightly sloping 
dorsally, lightly grooved, some grooves extending over sides of hull. Cavity 
very Shallow (<;¢ inch). Apex rounding like point of egg or widely wedge- 
shaped; style adheres until late in season. 
Hull: Outer surface pale green, sometimes a very Slight pink tinge on ventral 
edge and apex; pubescence abundant, short, coarse, woolly. Inner surface pale 
green as dehiscence starts, turning to light brown later. Dehisces first on ven- 
tral edge, usually from apex upward; quite common for dehiscence to continue 
on dorsal edge, either partially or fully; other cracks frequently occur at apex. 
Halves open at apex, usually remaining attached at base. Date of dehiscence 
August 5 to September 15, depending upon locality and Season. 
Hulled nut.—(Pl. X, B.) Size medium (14 by 1 by # inches). Number of 
nuts to the pound, 160 to 200. Percentage of kernel to nut in hand-cracked 
samples, 40. 
Shape: Roundish ovate or round oval, nut wide in proportion to length, 
plump (viewed edgewise, wide-ovate, frequently with sides unsymmetrical). 
Ventral edge much curved, plump, wing thick, prominent, tapering to a thin 
edge; less prominent at base than elsewhere. Dorsal edge curved less than 
ventral, sharply curved near apex; dorsal ridge medium in width, prominent. 
Base very plump, truncate; at right angles to axis or slightly sloping dorsally ; 
stem scar usually small, oval. Apex plump, wide, bluntly pointed, wing end- 
ing in sharp point. 
Shell: Soft; too hard to crack with the fingers; light to dark brown, fre- 
quently with reddish brown tinge. Outer shell thick and quite hard. Inner 
shell thin, hard, and tough. Small amount of spongy material between the 
oa 
