96 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Description 
TREE 
Vigorous grower, spreading (ratio of height of head to width, 1:14). 
Trunk rather stocky, quite straight; bark moderately rough, cracks close 
together, exfoliates in small flakes. 
Main branches.—Rather long; vigorous, medium stocky. Branching angle 
medium acute. Wood medium tough; medium soft. Bark reddish brown; 
covered with varying amounts of gray epidermis; somewhat. rough and 
cracked on old branches, frequently with numerous fine transverse lines; ex- 
foliates on older branches in large flakes, striations common on young 
branches. 
Twigs.—Medium vigorous growth, rather stocky and rigid; grow straight 
or gently curved. Branching angle moderately acute. Wood rather tough. 
Nodes rather small. Internodes medium in length (4 to 14 inches). Bark 
light green, more or lesS covered with waxy bloom; dark-red patches in 
autumn. 
Lenticels—Numerous; vary in size on Same aged bark (on wood 10 to 12 
years old, is by $ to vs by vs inch, average, is by + inch; on bark 7 to 9 years 
old, average, 7s by is inch); oval or slightly diamond shaped; wide and 
short, apexes bluntly acute; raised, gray, surface less rough than in many 
other varieties. On young growth, variable in number, small. On twigs, 
numerous, rather large, grayish green. 
Foliage-—Quite dense; leaves very large, rather flat. 
Blade: Very large (# by 3 to 14 by 5 inches; average, 14 by 4 inches; ratio 
of width to length, about 2:7). Shape ovate, ovate-elliptical, or elliptical. 
Base obtuse, bluntly acute, or bluntly round; origin of margins usually un- 
symmetrical. Apex acute and generally somewhat tapering on mature leaf. 
Margin crenate; crenations rather deep, moderately long; bristle broad, short. 
Midrib medium size, medium prominent, very light green in color. Veins 
distinct. Color of upper surface of blade dark green; lower surface light 
green. 
Petiole: Rather short to medium (4 to 14 inches; ratio of length of petiole to 
length of blade, about 1:4), moderately stocky; medium rigid. Pale green on 
lower surface; light green on upper. Groove medium in depth and width. 
Glands two to six, commonly two to four; irregular shaped, commonly oval 
and protruding, medium in size, yellowish or grayish brown; often slightly 
Stipulate near base of blade on petiole; two glands frequently on base of 
blade. 
Bearing habit.—Inclined to bear alternately and irregularly. Averages a 
moderate crop in districts best suited to its culture; in other districts it 
averages light crops. Produces many gummy nuts. Bears on spurs, mostly 
on wood 2 to 8 years old; some spurs on laterals of the previous year. Fre- 
quently several nuts on a spur. Spurs long (4 to 2 inch), medium in diameter 
(% inch); small for size of nut; expands gradually to nearly round or very 
wide oval disk 3s inch in diameter. Buds free, plump, rather short, bluntly 
pointed; scales large, medium thick, medium tough, dark brown, considerable 
rather long pubescence on edges. 
NUT 
Immature nut—Size large (1% by 14 by % to 24 by 14 by 1 inches). Shape 
long, irregular ovate, part on ventral side of axis ovate or oval, on dorsal side 
oblong oval. Ventral edge gradually and evenly curved, no ventral ridge; 
suture depression distinct, Shallow. Dorsal edge quite straight, curved most 
at bas®é and apex. Base rounding; ventral shoulder generally round and 
sloping, with suture line clear to disk; dorsal shoulder square; cavity very 
shallow (g¢ inch). Apex pointed; style drops quite early; rudiment small, 
pubescent. 
Hull: Outer surface light green; frequently colored with dark-green spots; 
turns yellowish green when ripening; pubescence abundant, green, fine, short, 
gray. . Inner surface pale gray, almost white, slowly turning brown as de- 
hiscence continues. Usually dehisces on ventral edge first, but sometimes on 
dorsal; generally begins at middle of ventral edge, extending rapidly to base 
and apex; dorsal edge commonly cracks open part way or entire length, but 
not always; other cracks at apex common; hulls open at apex, ventral edges 
curl inward usually unequally. Date of dehiscence, August 5 to September 15. 
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