104 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Lenticels—Numerous, medium in size (on wood 8 to 10 years old, 7s by # 
to s& by 2 inch), wide and short (often narrow on old bark); raised; gray, 
rough, elliptical; apexes acute or bluntly acute. On young branches lenticels 
frequently are rendered inconspicuous by gray epidermis. On twigs, lenticels 
small, numerous, grayish green, quite conspicuous. 
Foliage.—Dense. Many leaves on spurs in clusters. Leaves tend to recurve 
and often to roll up along midrib. 
Blade: Medium to large (2 by 24 to 1$ by 44 inches; average ¢ by 3: inches; 
ratio of width to length, about 1:4). Shape Tone ovate. Banal bluntly round — 
or wide-acute; origin of sides symmetrical or slightly unsymmetrical. Apex 
long, tapering, acute, sides with tendency to curve inward along apex half of 
blade. Margins irregularly crenate; crenations medium in depth; bristles 
very short. Midrib medium in size and prominence, pale green. Veins dis- 
tinct, the larger ones elevated on under surface of blade. Upper surface me- 
dium deep green; lower, dull light green. 
Petiole: Stocky; length variable, usually short to medium (average # inch; 
ratio of length of petiole to length of blade, about 1:4). Upper surface light 
green, tinged with red in late summer. Under surface light green. Groove, 
rather narrow and deep. Glands two to six, mostly two or three, rather small, 
globular, oval, or slightly stipulate, dark yellowish brown; one basal crenation 
of blade often glandular. 
Bearing habit—Varies much with seasons. The variety is very susceptible 
to frost injury when in the bud, possibly because the stigma projects beyond 
the petals when the buds swell previous to opening. As the shell is very thick, 
the crop in a good season is heavy, and sometimes bumper crops are pro- 
duced. In other seasons and in frosty localities the crops are light. Aver- 
age production is light. Bears mostly on spurs on wood 2 to 4 years old; bears 
some on last year’s laterals. Spurs medium in length (4 inch) and diameter 
(4 inch) ; expands suddenly into wide oval disk + by + inch. Buds free, large, 
long, plump, usually compressed laterally; scales large, rather thick, tough, 
brown, with gray pubescence on edges. 
Immature nut.—Vary in size, medium to quite large (average, 13 by 14 by 
1 inches). Shape wide oval or oblong-oval. Ventral edge curved slightly more 
than dorsal; ventral suture distinct, =; inch deep. Base broad, plump, trun- 
cate at right angles to axis; stem cavity shallow (sy inch). Apex broad, 
round, plump; frequentiy flat or depressed ; style frequently adheres late; rudi- 
ment short and thick. 
Hull: Outer surface green, turning yellowish brown while dehiscing; pubes- 
cence abundant, medium in length and coarseness, gray, felty. Inner surface 
green, turning brown rapidly while dehiscing. Dehisces along ventral suture 
(fig. 11); cracks slightly on dorsal edge at base and apex, but only occasion- 
ally does entire dorsal edge crack. Short cracks at base common. Ventral 
edges curl inward, one side usually drying faster than the other. Ripens 
August 10 to September 10. 
Hulled nut.—(Pl. XI, D.) Size variable, but uniform on same tree; small 
in dry years and when trees bear heavy crop. Average, medium to large (14 
by = by 74 to 13 by 13 by 2 inches). Number of nuts to the pound, 100 to 150. 
Percentage of kernel to nut in hand-cracked samples, 35; in machine-cracked 
orchard run, 382. 
Shape: Very distinctive; wide ovate; ventral and dorsal edges usually curve 
about the same, bringing the axis near the middle (viewed edgewise, plump, 
ovate, frequently with unsymmetrical sides). Ventral edge curved sharply at 
shoulder, gradually increasing in curve from middle to apex; wing thick, lack- 
ing in prominence; ventral flange lacking in prominence to medium prominent 
and thick. Dorsal edge has tendency to be straightest near middle, curves 
abruptly at apex, usually curving inward near immediate tip, producing a 
small characteristic bump or shoulder on apex. Base quite plump, broad, 
truncate at right angles to axis or sloping very slightly ventrally; dorsal 
shoulder rather square with tendency to be thinner than ventral shoulder and 
slightly elevated; ventral shoulder sharply rounding; stem scar medium in 
size, long oval in shape, slightly depressed. Apex broad, obtuse, frequently with 
mucronate tip. Viewed edgewise the apex tapers from middle of nut to tip. 
Shell: Hard, but varies much; outer shell thick, smooth, usually hard, 
but sometimes brittle or soft. Pits variable in number, few to numerous; 
vary in size even on same nut, some always large and deep: variable in 
shape. Dorsal edge and even dorsal ridge pitted. Ventral edge grooved, the 
grooves on base half having a tendency to run parallel with wing. Short 
