124 BULLETIN 1282, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
69. STANDARD 
Origin—A seedling variety originated on P. A. Erickson’s ranch, near 
Oakley, Calif., in 1906. The variety has been propagated and distributed in 
the Oakley district since 1908. With the exception of a few trees planted at 
one time in Georgia, it has been grown only in the Oakley section. 
Description 
TREE 
Quite vigorous, slightly spreading (ratio of height of head to width, 1:1), 
brushy, scraggly, and drooping, produces numerous branches. 
Main branches.—Numerous, vigorous, stocky, curving, and drooping. Branch- 
ing angle obtuse. Wood medium in hardness. Bark rather brittle, quite 
smooth, dark reddish brown; some striations on wood 2 to 4 years old. 
Twigs—Quite vigorous, rather stocky. Branching angle obtuse. Nodes 
medium size. Internodes short (4 to ? inch). Bark somewhat brittle, smooth, 
dark green, with some bloom; reddish patches common in f ll. 
Lenticels—Very numerous; vary in size (average Size on 10-year-old bark, 
tvs by + inch; on 7-year-old bark, 7s by % inch) ; shape oval, ends bluntly acute 
and tapering, tendency for sides to be straight near middle; much raised; 
dark gray brown, rough in middle. 
Foliage—Dense. Leaves numerous on individual branches and small; 
frequently roll upward slightly along rib; usually somewhat recurved at 
apex; margins frequently wavy. Often leaves are flat. 
Blade: Very small (average size, 3 by 2 inches). Width varies, averages 
wide (average ratio of width to length, about 1:3). Shape ovate-elliptical. 
Base obtuse, bluntly rounding; origin of margins symmetrical or nearly so. 
Apex varies, acute to bluntly acute; inclined to taper. Margins usually curve 
gradually, deeply and irregularly crenate, bristles short. Upper surface of blade 
smooth, light green. Lower surface lighter than upper. Midrib slender and 
prominent. Veins moderately distinct. 
Petiole: Length varies from 2 to 2 inch; average short, or medium for size 
of blade (4 inch), (ratio of length of petiole to length of blade, about 1:4) ; 
slender. flexible. Tinged with red in fall. Groove narrow, shallow. Glands 
usually two, occasionally more; on petiole near base of blade. 
Bearing habit.—Quite heavy and regular bearer in Oakley district. Bears 
mostly on spurs on wood 2 to 4 years old. Spurs frequently compound, some 
live longer than 1 year. Single spurs long (2 inch), stocky (7% inch); expand 
gradually to oval disk # by + inch. Buds free, plump, pointed at apex, slightly 
constricted at base. 
Immature nut.—Size average medium to large (14 by 14 by 1% inches). 
Shape plump, wide oval or ovate oval. Ventral edge evenly curved. Dorsal 
edge curved less than ventral. Base plump, round, at right angles to axis; 
stem cavity vs inch deep. Apex bluntly rounded, sometimes slightly pointed. 
Hull: Outer surface green, turning to brownish green while dehiscing; 
pubescence long, gray, coarse, woolly. Inner surface turns brown rapidly 
when dehiscing. Dehisces on ventral edge, the edges tending to roll inward. 
Sometimes dorsal edge cracks, but not usually. Ripens in late August and 
early September. 
Hulled nut.—(Pl. XIV, B.) Size varies much, usually rather large (14 by 1 
by té to 18 by 14 by ? inches; average, 12 by 1 by ? inches). Number of nuts to 
the pound, 120 to 160. Varies in plumpness and in ratio of width to length. 
Percentage of kernel to nut in hand-cracked samples, 38. 
Shape: Irregular, wide or long (average length medium), oval or ovate. 
Ventral edge sharply curved; ventral flange wide, either prominent or not 
prominent; wing thin to medium in thickness, prominent to medium promi- 
nent, usually most prominent near apex; ventral edge on one side of flange has 
long, wide groove or depression. Short shallow grooves present on ventral 
edge oblique to ridge. Dorsal edge varies in curve from rather straight to 
much curved; ridge usually prominent. Base may be wide and truncate, round, 
or somewhat constricted; stem scar usually large. wide, oval, at right angles 
to axis, or slightly sloping either dorsally or ventrally. Apex varies much, 
acutely pointed to broadly truncate; when round or truncate it ends in a very 
small mucronate tip. 
Shell: Light to medium brown; varies from a soft shell that ean be cracked 
with the fingers to a hard shell; averages rather hard shell; outer shell usually 
