34 BULLETIN 418, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
may be considered to represent the present average cost of an average 
operation in which 60,000 board feet are being taken each day from 
the standing timber and loaded on the log cars, using the ordinary 
methods of horse logging. 
Table 12. — Cost per thousand feet b. m. of logging yellow pine for an average sample 
operation. 
Operation. 
Cost per 
1,000 feet 
b. m. 
Felling and bucking 
Brush piling and burning 
Hauling by horses, stump to landing 
Loading 
Supervision 
Interest, depreciation, liability insurance, taxes, etc. 
Total 
50.70 
.30 
1.20 
.20 
.10 
.30 
2.i 
MILLING. 
There are all kinds of sawmills cutting yellow pine in Oregon, from 
the small portable mill that can cut not more than 6,000 feet of logs 
a day and runs only a few days a year to the large band mill that 
cuts 150,000 feet in 10 hours and runs day and night throughout 
the year. Altogether, there are in the State about 100 mills that 
cut yellow pine chiefly, and their aggregate daily capacity is a little 
under 2,000,000 feet, which would be equivalent to 600,000,000 feet 
per annum if every mill ran 300 days a year. Since many of them 
operate only a fraction of the time and cut other species of timber as 
well, the output in 1915 of the 134 mills that reported cutting some 
yellow pine was 189,203,000 feet, which was 15.1 per cent of the 
whole country's cut of this species. At the present time there are in 
Oregon less than 20 mills cutting chiefly yellow pine that have a 
10-hour capacity of over 35,000 feet, and only 4 that have a capacity 
of 80,000 feet or more. Each year, however, new mills are being 
built. 
Most of the smaller mills that cut for the local use of the community 
are equipped with a planer, upon which the better grades of boards 
are dressed for use as finishing lumber. The larger sawmills have 
elaborately equipped planing mills where the rough boards are 
kiln dried, resawed, surfaced, and dressed to such styles and sizes 
as will find the most ready sale in the eastern markets and bring 
prices that will repay the heavy transportation charges. 
In the smaller mills the lumber is either sold u mill run'' without 
grading or it is graded into " finishing lumber" (which is surfaced 
and sized), "common," and "cull" lumber. In the larger mills the 
lumber is carefully graded according to the specifications of the 
lumber associations. 
