UTILIZATION OF ELM. 
15 
Bureau of the Census for the year 1911. Statistics for other indus- 
tries were collected by the Office of Industrial Investigations of the 
Forest Service during the years 1909 to 1913. The figures given, 
therefore, must be taken only in a general way as representing the 
situation in elm utilization, since conditions change somewhat 
from year to year. 
Table 7. — Annual consumption of elm in factories in the United State's, by industries. 
Industry. 
Feet B. M. 
Per cent. 
Slack cooperage 
Boxes, baskets, and crates 
Vehicles and vehicle parts 
Chairs and chair stock 
Woodenware and dairymen's and poulterers' supplies 
Musical instruments 
Refrigerators and kitchen cabinets 
Furniture 
Agricultural implements 
Trunks and valises 
Fixtures 
Planing mill products, sash and doors 
Sporting and athletic goods 
Handles 
Toys 
Laundry appliances 
Car construction 
Machine construction 
Ship and boat building 
Machinery and apparatus, electrical 
Equipment, playground 
Saddles and. harness 
Pulleys and conveyors 
Signs and supplies' 
Brushes 
Dowels 
Gates and fencing 
Printing material 
Elevators 
Plumbers' woodwork 
Frames and moulding, picture 
Patterns and flasks 
Pumps and wood pipe 
Tanks and silos 
Mine equipment : 
Boot and shoe findings 
Instruments, professional and scientific 
Total 
,954,000 
,535,458 
,296,922 
,157,586 
,383,426 
, 602, 440 
, 046, 100 
, 154, 102 
,249,000 
,409,286 
,368,275 
,218,860 
, 226, 750 
,060,307 
,042,055 
, 365, 000 
,221,121 
831,000 
706, 600 
463,000 
334,000 
276, 000 
200, 000 
200,000 
187,000 
175, 000 
155, 000 
84,200 
68, 500 
55,000 
43,000 
40, 000 
20,000 
15„000 
8,800 
2,000 
200 
39.63 
18.13 
4.53 
4.32 
2.01 
1.77 
1.72 
.89 
.85 
.56 
.38 
.34 
.23 
.20 
.13 
.09 
.08 
.06 
.06 
.05 
.05 
.04 
.02 
.02 
.01 
.01 
.01 
.01 
365, 154, 988 
100.00 
1 Amount of product reduced to board feet. From Bureau of the Census statistics on slack cooperage, 
which also includes small buckets, pails, and tubs. Since these articles are also included in woodenware 
in the table, there is probably some duplication in figures for these two industries. 
2 Less than one-half of 1/100 per cent. 
Elm enters into the manufacture of a large number of products 
made from wood; in fact, there are probably few industries which do 
not furnish a demand for more or less of it. 
For most uses to which elm is put the different elm species are 
used indiscriminately. For certain uses, however, some one species 
is preferred, as cork elm on account of its extreme hardness. On 
pages 39 to 43 is given a list of uses reported for the different species 
and for elm without reference to species. 
Reports received from manufacturers give an average cost of 
$23.55 per 1,000 board feet for elm, not including the slack-cooperage 
industry. 1 
1 The prices given for elm products are those in e^ect before the entrance of the United States into 
the war. 
