14 
BULLETIN 683, I". S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
great distance. In the case of Pennsylvania, however, where the 
lumber cut of elm is small, manufacturers reported that 90 per cent 
was secured from outside the State. In Illinois at least 70 per cent 
came from outside, mostly from Michigan and Wisconsin. In Xew 
York 50 per cent of the raw material was not native to the State. 
In such States as Ohio. Indiana, and Missouri, where the lumber cut 
has decreased considerably in the past few years, the use of elm 
by factories is no doubt much less at the present time than is indicated 
in the table. In Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, on the other 
hand, the amounts consumed have doubtless increased recently. 
Many factories of Michigan and Wisconsin, especially hoop and 
basket factories which use material in the log. have moved to the 
lower Mississippi Valley dining the past few years to get a sufficient 
elm supply. 
Table 6. — Annual consumption of elm in factories, by States. 
State. 
F^e: B. 11. 
State. 
FeerB. If. 
Mi l>Jl -' ~3IL. 
7 .'.105.951 
Map "lind 
592.000 
570.000 
569. 625 
445. 5S1 
:: = 
197.000 
130.. 5 SI 
115 500 
Ohio.-.. - 
Mahama 
Vermont 
niinois 
Indiana 
Arkansas - 
\ e~ 1 ark - - 
Wos: VircirAi 
Xorth Carolina. 
Net raska 
South Carolina 
Pennsylvania - 
Temesse-e 
Louisiana 
Iowa - 
1 ,4L'.S: 
1.295.900 : 
704.27c 
654.440 
U 
: - 
lOO'.OOO 
100 MX 
" -- 
40.000 
35'. 000 
10.200 
4.CC."' 
1,5 
Mississip: - - 
Ker.r.;e>7 - 
Rhode Island 
Montana 
Texas... - 
N e~ Hampshire 
Total -. 
365, 154j 988 
UTILIZATION" BY INDUSTRIES. 
Table 7 gives the annual factory consumption of elm grouped 
according to industries. These figures show that the slack cooperage 
industry is by far the most important, the amount credited to this 
use being more than twice that of the next in importance, baskets 
and crates. The figure for slack cooperage was obtained by con- 
verting to board feet census figures on the total amount of slack 
cooperage stock manufactured, while figures for other industries are 
in terms of amounts of lumber consumed. There is a large amount 
of waste in the slack cooperage industry, so that without doubt more 
than 147.UMiy.000 board feet of lumber could have been produced 
from the same raw material which was used in the manufacture 
of this amount of slack-cooperage stock. The importance of this 
industry, therefore, is probably somewhat greater than is shown in 
the table. Figures for slack cooperage are those compiled by the 
