54 BTJLLETIX 906, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
One pipe contractor in southern California quotes the following 
prices for standard orchard stands installed in the field fitted with 
1J inch galvanized gates: 
8-inch stands. 4 openings $2. 25 
12-inch stands, 4 openings 2. 50 
12-inch stands. 6 openings 2.70 
Another contractor quotes the following: 
12-inch stands, with 4-hole openings ' S3. 50 
12-inch stands, with 6-hole openings 3. 75 
18-inch oval stands, with 6-hole openings 4. 00 
184nch oval stands, with 8-hole openings 4. 25 
It should be borne in mind that the large majority of concrete pipe 
systems under operation are made of pipe of medium if not inferior 
grades and that the relief stands, diversion boxes, and other appli- 
ances designed to relieve water pressures have been adapted to this 
kind of pipe. With the introduction of a better grade of pipe capable 
of withstanding higher pressures the necessity will arise of modify- 
ing the present practice by using more high pressure valves and fewer 
standpipes, and this change should lessen the cost of pipe systems. 
In other words, if concrete pipe in the smaller sizes can be made to 
withstand with safety heads of 50 feet, it should tend to revolutionize 
the present costly system of reducing the pressure to 10-foot heads, 
particularly on steep slopes. 
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