USE OF CONCRETE PIPE IN IRRIGATION. 
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Fig. 25. — A common type of distributing hydrant for orchard irrigation. 
valve. The stand is connected to the underground lateral by a 
short riser and the water is regulated from the lateral to the stand 
by means of a small valve. A 6-inch concrete pipe stand usually 
contains two outlets, each from 1 to 2 inches in diameter; an 8- 
inch stand, 2 to 4 openings; a 12-inch stand, 4 to 8 openings; and 
a 16-inch stand contains 6 to 8 openings. The concrete risers and 
stands are usually connected by the pipe contractor when the orchard 
laterals are laid. The contractor cements the small galvanized gates 
into the pipe in the yard. A special mold is often used to make the 
concrete pipe stands, the holes that contain the gates being made 
when the pipe is in the mold. 
Fig. 26. — Distributing hydrants on steep slopes and overflow stands. 
