AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AMERICA 3 
problem of maintaining the high purchasing power and the high 
standard of living of the American farmer in the face of low-cost 
foreign products and competition is exactly the same as that of the 
American laborer in the various industries. A realization of this 
fact has led the United States Department of Agriculture and 
agricultural leaders generally to pay more attention to the factors of 
agricultural production in foreign countries and to try to estimate and 
to forecast the extent of present and probable future agricultural 
competition. 
Table 1 shows the rapid development of wheat exports from the 
six principal surplus-producing countries in the past 65 years. Par- 
ticularly significant are the increases in exports from the United 
States from the close of the Civil War to the end of the nineteenth 
century and the corresponding increases in exports from the newer 
agricultural countries — Canada, Australia, and Argentina — from 
1890 to the years following the close of the World War. 
Table 1. — Wheat, including flour: Exports from the principal exporting countries, 
five-year average, 1860-1924, and for fiscal year 1925 
(In thousands— 000 omitted) 
Years 
Year ended June 30 
Year 
ended 
March 31 
Year ended De- 
cember 31 
United 
States i 
Canada 
Austra- 
lia 2 
British 
India 
Argen- 
tina 
Russia 3 
Average: 
1860-64..- - 
Bushels 
46, 270 
21, 665 
57, 799 
89, 470 
150, 174 
117, 833 
159, 495 
171, 261 
192, 099 
113, 147 
104, 967 
239, 827 
248, 740 
258, 023 
Bushels 
Bushels 
Bushels 
4 583 
«485 
1,162 
6,198 
24, 261 
34, 358 
33, 241 
16, 763 
21, 492 
38, 553 
51, 883 
33, 289 
12, 355 
44, 145 
Bushels 
Bushels 
1865-69. 
6 46, 125 
1870-74 
5 5,922 
6,605 
5,541 
4,170 
7,426 
13, 760 
25. 757 
43, 455 
94,286 
158,766 
213, 221 
194, 841 
58,499 
1875-79-.. 
6 326 
1,386 
4,o68 
29, 178 
31, 829 
58, 312 
108, 886 
83, 475 
97, 248 
142, 901 
126, 094 
73, 134 
1880-84 .. 
64,837 
1885-89 
98, 111 
1890-94 
99,237 
1895-99 
118, 256 
1900-04 
1905-09 . . 
« 19, 071 
32, 897 
53, 043 
43, 516 
88, 692 
117, 055 
121, 620 
131. 735 
1910-14 
1915-19--. 
141, 824 
4 13, 509 
1920-24 
7 23, 192 
Year ended June 30, 1925 
328 
1 Prior to July, 1880, wheat flour converted to grain on the basis that 1 barrel of flour equals the product of 
5 bushels of wheat. Beginning July. 1880, flour converted to grain with basis that 1 barrel flour equals the 
product of 4H bushels of wheat. 
2 Year ending December 31 previous to 1915. 
3 Three-year average. 
* Two-year average. 
« Four-year average. 
6 Russia in Europe only prior to 1883. Includes rye flour prior to 1883. 
' 1924 only. 
Compiled from: United States— 1860-1918— Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States. 
1860-1918. 1918-1925— Monthlv Summarv of Foreign Commerce of the United States, June issues, 1919, 
1925. Canada— 1870-1889— Trade and Commerce, 1900, pp. 440-443. 1890-1925— Monthlv Report of Trade 
of Canada, March issues, 1890-1925. Australia— 1901-1910— Official Yearbook of Australia, 1901-1910, p. 371. 
1911-1924 — Australian Statistics of Oversea Imports and Exports and Customs and Excise Revenue. Bri- 
tish India— 1863-1872— Statistical Abstract Relating to British India from 1862-1871. 1873-1881— Monthly 
Summary of Commerce and Finance of the United States, January-June, 1898, p. 1438. 1882-1896— World's 
Markets for American Products, Bui. 508, Cir. 5-11, p. 6. 1897-1925— Trade by Land of British India with 
Foreign Countries, March issues, 1897-1925— and Sea-bourne Trade of British India with the British Empire 
and Foreign Countries, March issues, 1897-1925. Argentina, 1876-1879— Senate Ex. Doc. No. 91, 53d Con- 
gress, 2d session, pp. 35 and 36. 1880-1890— World's Markets for American Products, Buls. 5-8, Cirs. 5-11, 
p. 5. 1891-1906— Argentine Yearbook, 1914, p. 227. 1907-1914— Anuario de la Direccion General de Esta- 
distica. 1915-1923— Annuario del Comercio Exterior, 1915-1923. 1924— Estadistica Agro-Pecuaria-Boletin 
Mensual de December, 1924. Russia— 1876-1879— Senate Ex. Doc. No. 91, 53d Congress, 2d session, p. 12-14. 
1871-1882— Monthly Summary of Finance and Commerce, United States, January-June, 1898, p. 1428. 
1883-1906— U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. No. 69, European Grain Grade, p. 48. 1906-1916— Reports of Foreign 
Trade of Russia over European and Asiatic Frontiers. 1924 and 1925— Broomhalls' Corn Trade News. 
