■LUMBER USED IN MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN PRODUCTS. 6 
The kinds of wood are classified according to rather broad com- 
mercial practice. The classification is practically the same as that 
used in the lumber census bulletins ; figures on the several species of 
each family or group are combined under the common name. 
Oak, maple, spruce, hemlock, birch, hickory, basswood, ash, elm, 
cedar, 1 willow, locust, and eucalyptus each covers its different species. 
Yellow pine includes the southern yellow pines, North Carolina 
pines, and minor eastern yellow pines. Western yellow pine is listed 
separately; trade names for it are western pine, western soft pine, 
and California white pine. 
White pine covers both northern and western (Idaho) white pine 
as well as Norway pine and jack pine. 
Cottonwood takes in the cottonwoods, aspen (or popple), and balm 
of Gilead. 
Tupelo includes cotton gum (called tupelo commercially), black 
gum, and water gum. 
Larch includes western larch and eastern tamarack. 
Mahogany covers all woods sold in this country as such. 
White fir includes the botanical white fir as well as grand and 
silver (amabilis) fir; the other minor firs, noble, red, and alpine fir, 
usually sold as white fir, are listed separately. 
All other kinds of wood listed are single species except that cypress, 
sycamore, cherry, dogwood, magnolia (cucumber, of the magnolia 
family, is shown separately), and buckeye are family names, but only 
one species of each is used commercially. Redwood sometimes 
includes lumber from the bigtree. The red-gum tree yields both 
commercial red and sap gum and both are covered herein by red gum. 
i Spanish cedar is listed separately. 
