FARM OWNERSHIP AND TENANCY IN TEXAS. 
59 
owners' daughters for whom reports were obtained, 96.5 per cent 
were promoted as compared with 77.2 per cent of tenants' daugh- 
ters; while 88.6 per cent of owners' sons were promoted as com- 
pared with 65.6 per cent of tenants' sons. The same fact is brought 
out in an even more striking way by the percentages of the four 
groups that had been retained. 
Table 34. — Promotions of children of owners and of tenants. 
Promoted. 
Retained. 
Not reporting. 
Tenure of father and 
sex of child. 
Number. 
Per cent Per cent 
of all in of those 
class, reporting. 
Number. 
Per cent 
of all in 
class. 
Per cent 
of those 
reporting. 
Number. 
Per cent 
of all in 
class. 
Daughters of owners . 
Daughters of tenants. 
Sons of owners 
Sons of tenants 
109 
132 
126 
103 
73. 1 96. 5 
58.4 77.2 
69.2 88.6 
43. 3 65. 6 
4 
39 
16 
54 
2.7 
17.3 
8.8 
22.7 
3.5 
22.8 
11.3 
34.4 
36 
55 
40 
81 
24.2 
24.3 
22.0 
34.0 
If these conditions are general, they would indicate that the 
average tenants' child is more backward in school attainments than 
the average owners' child. That this is the case is indicated by 
Table 35, showing the average age and grade of the four groups of 
children. For the two groups of grades — the first four grades, and 
the fifth to eighth grades, inclusive — the tenants' children are from 
six months to a year older than the owners' children. In other 
words, the tenants' child is from six months to a year behind the 
owners' child in grade attainment. The data on pupils above the 
eighth grade do not show this same backwardness of tenants' as 
compared with owners' children. However, the numbers involved 
in this case are too small to make the data reliable. 
Table 35. — Average age of pupils in three groups of grades, classified by tenure 
status of father and by sex, for pupils in five black-land country schools. 
Tenure of father and sex 
Pupils in fourth grade 
and below. 
Pupils in the fifth, 
sixth, seventh, and 
eighth grades. 
Pupils in ninth grade 
and above. 
Number. A ™*> 
Number. 
Average 
age. 
Number. 
Average 
age. 
93 8.6 i 77 
169 ! 9.3 1 113 
12.6 
13.5 
13.3 
13.5 
16 
11 
20 
8 
15.3 
14.4 
Sons of owners 
106 I 8.9 92 
224 i 9.7* 86 
16.4 
16.4 
| 
These unfavorable educational conditions associated with tenancy 
are, no doubt, not all attributable to tenancy. Tenants, as has been 
shown, are much poorer than owners ; and this difference in the eco- 
