8 
BULLETIN 1428, U. S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
In warehouses used for the storage of miscellaneous products the 
cadelle may cause much annoyance at times. Thus, in a warehouse 
in Baltimore which had been used the summer before for the storage 
of grain products but which had been thoroughly cleaned (from a 
warehouse standpoint) when the grain products were removed 
during the fall months, adult cadelles appeared in hordes during 
warm days in March, congregating in numbers between sacks of 
flour and beans and feeding upon carload lots of potatoes. In some 
instances as many as 20 adults could be counted about abrasions on 
potatoes; these had emerged from the wooden floor, in which they 
had been hibernating during the cold months. 
BORING HABITS OF THE CADELLE 
The boring habit of both the cadelle larva and the adult is one of 
the most interesting features of its activities, and enhances greatly 
its economic importance. Figures 6, 7, and 8 show the ability of 
the cadelle to bore into wood. 
The woodwork about all storage places for grain is more or less 
penetrated by cadelle burrows. If the wood is very hard, the larvse 
may be forced to form pupal chambers between boards, by gnawing 
Fig. 5. — Fabric from shifting machine of flour mill showing channels cut in 
pile by cadelle larvse and adults. These cuts reduce the efficiency of the 
machinery and necessitate replacement of fabrics 
the adjacent surfaces of the boards. In the case of ordinary dun- 
nage used in grain ships (fig. 3; fig. 6, B, D, E; fig. 8, B), however, 
the wood of granaries (fig. 6, C ; fig. 7, B ; fig. 8, A, B), or the wood- 
work of feed bins in flour mills (fig. 7, A), etc., they have no diffi- 
culty in entering the wood by eating out the softer wood of the 
yearly growths and in becoming established by the thousands. In 
such places their presence is not usually suspected by the farmer or 
grain dealer. 
Examination by the writers of the dunnage of a grain ship arriv- 
ing at Baltimore from Australia in 1918 showed the boards used 
to keep the sacks of wheat from touching the steel sides of the ship 
to be well perforated wherever a sack of wheat touched the wood. 
Such borings were of course made during the voyage. 
In old farming districts, like that of Montgomery County, Md., 
where bins built many years ago are still in use for storing wheat, 
the burrows may be so numerous and may have been so lengthened 
by the borings of generation after generation of cadelle larvse and 
adults that the wood has become well honeycombed. Observe in 
