THE CADELLE 
NATURE OF INJURY 
The association of the cadelle with 
other grain pests which are more in 
evidence often aids in obscuring its 
extremely varied injury. The cadelle 
larva and adult are both rather rest- 
less and do not feed continuously in 
one place. Both can gnaw holes 
through sacks, parchments, cardboard 
(fig. 1), waxed and other papers (fig. 
2), and even wooden boards (figs. 3, 6, 
7, and 8), and whether they penetrate 
such substances directly in search of 
food, or accidentally in making suit- 
able chambers for transformation (fig. 
11), the result is the same — the expo- 
sure of susceptible foods to hordes of 
associated pests that might not other- 
wise have been able to gain access to 
the food supply. 
All who have observed the feeding 
of the cadelle have noted its prefer- 
ence for the germ of the grains upon 
which it feeds, and know that the 
larva and adult may travel from seed 
to seed and remove the germ from 
many more seeds than could possibly 
be completely devoured. The larva, 
however, is more likely to become em- 
bedded in the larger seeds, such as 
corn, and, half in the seed itself and 
half in the burro wed-out cob (fig. 4, 
C), feed upon a seed until little is left 
except the outer portion. Even small 
kernels such as those of wheat may be 
completely devoured except for the 
outer coverings. On a Maryland farm 
in 1921 the writers observed cadelle 
larva3 so abundant in 800 bushels of 
wheat that the kernels appeared to 
move, and larvae could be gathered by 
the peck. They have also seen larvae 
removed by the pailful from rice 
which had been stored for some time 
in New York warehouses, and tremen- 
dous numbers from flour which was 
being reconditioned in New Orleans 
warehouses and wholesale grocery es 
tablishments after a season's storage, 
corded finding 1,460 and 1,001 larvae, 
sacks of flour. 
In flour mills injury by the cadelle is clearly evident from the holes 
eaten by both larvae and adults in the silk cloth used in the bolting 
Fig. 1. — Side view of carton of flour 
showing holes cut in the cardboard 
by larvse and adults of the cadelle. 
Such holes open cartons to the at- 
tack of all small grain pests 
Dean (£, pp. W5-207) has re- 
respectively, in two 140-pound 
