54 BULLETIN 1007, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
in color. The white stock is also demanded for bee-keepers' supplies, 
for which the No. 1 common grade is often purchased. Firsts and 
seconds is the usual grade for the manufacture of cigar boxes. The 
combined grade of No. 2 common and better grades is probably most 
commonly used, especially by factories making toys, trunks, kitchen 
cabinets, and dairymen's and apiarists' supplies. For planing-mill 
products, sash, doors, blinds, and general millwork, a good grade of 
lumber is employed. For boxes and crates, lower grades are employed 
as a rule, usually Nos. 2 and 3 common. No. 1 common is also some- 
times used. 
Furniture and trunk factories use basswood very largely in the 
form of built-up stock, which is generally the product of the veneer 
mill. 
LOGS. 
The higher-grade logs are purchased by mills cutting veneer for 
various products. Factories making panels for trunks, furniture, 
and cabinets of various kinds require logs of good quality which must 
be reasonably clear, straight, and round, so that they will cut to 
advantage into rotary veneer (PI. VI). These factories will take 
hollow logs if the log is otherwise of good quality. The hollow por- 
tion of such logs must, of course, not be too large and there must be a 
thick rim of sapwood around it (PL VIII) . The minimum diameter of 
logs purchased by these veneer plants is usually 10 inches. For the 
No. 1 or veneer log grade about $35 to $40 is the usual price paid at 
the factory. 
Some of the veneer plants, including those manufacturing lower- 
grade products, such as cheese boxes, also have a sawmill equipment 
and convert lower-grade logs into lumber, which they use in the 
manufacture of their products. They buy woods-run logs, which 
bring about $20 to $30 a thousand board feet f . o. b. cars. The price 
at the factory is generally $5 to $8 a thousand more. Basket factories 
generally pay somewhat less. In some instances they purchase sizes 
down to 6 inches in diameter at a comparatively low cost. Match 
factories using basswood require logs of high quality for veneering. 
The}' generally use No. 1, or veneer, grade, which must be free 
frofn black heart-rot and reasonably free from knots. Sizes down to 
8 inches in diameter and 22 inches in length are taken. The specifi- 
cations usually call for 8 to 12 inch diameter material in lengths 
which are multiples of 22 inches up to 15 feet. Logs over 12 inches 
in diameter are preferred in lengths between 3£ and 14 feet. No. 1 
logs cost match factories about $50 to $55 a thousand board feet, 
freight included. No. 2 logs suitable for this purpose bring $5 to $10 
a thousand less. Match factories must frequently get their logs from 
a considerable distance, and the resultant high freight costs often 
amount to from $10 to $15 a thousand board feet. 
