





UTILIZATION OF WASTE TOMATO SEEDS AND SKINS. 9 
tomato-seed oil contains 12.47 per cent of palmitin and 5.89 per 
cent of stearin. 
The liquid acids, constituting 75.84 per cent of the oil, possess 
properties which indicate the presence of oleic acid and _ possibly 
some linoleic acid. 
thetspeciic eravity of the liquid acids, 0.9013. at 25°” C., 
would indicate a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids, since the specific 
gravity of pure oleic acid is 0.893 at 25° C. and linoleic acid 0.9206 
at 14° C. The index of refraction corresponds closely with oleic 
ecid, which possesses an index of refraction of 1.4603 at 25° C. 
The neutralization value of 192.3 is somewhat lower than that of 
pure oleic acid, 198.9, and pure linoleic acid, 200.4. ‘Phe iodin value, 
130, possibly also indicates a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids 
with a preponderance of oleic acid. Some commercial oleic acids 
have idoin values as high as 100 to 110, while pure linoleic acid 
possesses an iodin value of 181.42. 
Using the method of Lewkowitsch (10, v. 1, p. 457), for calculating 
the approximate proportions of oleic and linoleic acids present from 
the iodin value as a basis, it was found that the liquid acids consist of 
56.8 per cent of oleic acid and 43.2 per cent of linoleic acid. Reducing 
these percentages of oleic and linoleic acids to terms of the original 
oil, which consists of 75.84 per cent of liquid acids, it is found that 
the oil contains approximately 43.07 per cent of oleic acid and 32.76 
per cent of linoleic acid. These acids are contained in the oil in 
the form of the glycerids olein and linolein, which contain 95.7 and 
95.67 per cent, respectively, of oleic and linoleic acids. By calculation 
it is found, therefore, that the oil consists approximately of 45 per 
cent of olein and 34.2 per cent of linolein. 
A summary of the results of the chemical examination of tomato- 
seed oil indicates the following approximate composition: Olein, 45 
per cent; linolein, 34.2 per cent; palmitin, 12.47 per cent; stearin, 
5.89 per cent—the remaining portion consisting of free acids and 
unsaponifiable matter. 
AVAILABLE QUANTITY OF THE OIL. 
Kstimating the annual output of dry tomato waste from the various 
pulping plants in the United States at 3,390 tons, there would result 
from this waste 1,560 tons of dry seeds. The quantity of oil capable 
of being extracted from these seeds is readily ascertained. Since by 
extracting with volatile solvents 22 per cent of the oil can be ob- 
tained, the total available quantity would be about 348 tons annually. 
This quantity would, however, increase each year with the increased 
output of tomato products. 
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