total cut was approximately 125,000,000 board feet. During 
period a large part of the walnut timber was removed from the : 
east of the Mississippi River, 
The past six years have seen a revival in the walnut-furniture 
industry, and large amounts of the wood have been called for. The 
greatest use of this timber recently, however, has been for rifle stocks 
and airplane propellers for the Great War, On account : the un- 
precedented demand for walnut for these uses, the sawmill cut in 
1918 was about 1'X , . g board feet. The entire country 
searched for available material, and even small and defective trees 
that had been considered unlit for lumber were taken, 
Walnut has never been plentiful in the sense that large amounts 
of the timber were available in any one locality. Its scattere I 
growth is the reason for this. The exhaustion of the available sup- 
ply has been repeatedly announced. Nevertheless, during the war 
large supplies were discovered that no one thought existed, and 
many lots of large-sized trees were found that were equal in quality 
to those of the period when walnut was most popular. The annual 
cut of walnut timber is comparatively small, but a fairly steady sup- 
ply is available because of the wide distribution of the iree. 
Black walnut (Ju* Linn.) is a very near relative of the 
Circassian walnut (J. ,-■- ' Liui; te Old TTorld. which is 
highly prized as a cabinet wood. It is also closely related to the but- 
ternut (J. cinerea Linn.) of eastern United States. This last wood 
is less valuable, however, than the black walnut. There are two 
other walnuts native to the United States. These are the Mexican 
wali; : tfrh Engelm.) and California walnut (< 7 . 
Wats.). :wo species grow in southwestern XJnii les. The 
timber is of little importance even locally, and th usually 
less than 12 inches in diameter, with a clear length of trunk ordi- 
narily not more than S to 10 f 
This bulletin deals with the characteristics, pre . manu- 
facture, and market values of black-walnut wood, and particula 
discusses the uses for which walnut is best adapted. 
PROPERTIES OF THE WOOD. 
GENERAL APPEARANCE. 
The heartwood of black walnut is light brown to clam brown or 
chocolate-brown. The sapwood is nearly white. In i p^t-grown 
trees the heartwood is generally a rich chocolate-brown. The sap- 
wood is narrow in such trees, usually 1 inch wide or less. In open- 
growth trees the heartwood is lighter in color: the sapwood grows 
to about 3 inches in width, and is white or discolored to veilowish or 
