UTILIZATION OF BLACK WALNUT. 11 
of the exploitation being more recent and the timber being relatively 
inaccessible, the best supplies are now located in Illinois, Missouri, 
and Iowa, This region is, on the whole, fairly well adapted for the 
growth of walnut, which is quite generally distributed throughout 
the section, except on the poorer and drier upland soils and low, wet 
bottom lands. The best timber is to be found on land that has never 
been cleared for cultivation. 
The principal walnut area in this region comprises southern Iowa 
and northern and central Missouri. In Iowa, walnut is found in 
commercial quantities principally along the streams. On the higher 
elevations in the northeastern part of the State merchantable trees 
are rarely seen. Southeastern Iowa was one of the most important 
sources of walnut timber during the war. There are still many val- 
uable stands in the southern and southeastern parts of the State, 
chiefly on broad river bottoms where the soil is not too moist. 
Missouri is by far the banner State in respect to the total amount of 
standing walnut timber. It is said that walnut is found growing 
along the streams in every county. In northern Missouri, black wal- 
nut is confined principally to the alluvial soils adjacent to the 
streams, where the deep moist loams maintain some excellent stands. 
Central Missouri is also an important walnut region, especially in 
the western part, where there are comparatively heavy stands of wal- 
nut continuous with those of eastern Kansas. In the Ozark region 
of southern Missouri the walnut growth is confined to the lower ele- 
vations, principally to the deep moist soil of the stream courses. In 
such locations it attains large size, and in the aggregate there is a 
large amount of excellent walnut timber in the Ozark region, al- 
though much of the best has been removed. The low bottom lands 
of the southeastern portion of the State do not generally contain 
walnut in commercial amounts. 
In northern Illinois, and particularly in the northeastern portion, 
there is comparatively little walnut. There is also very little on the 
low bottom lands of the southern portion. The principal supply is 
located in an east and west belt occupying the middle third of the 
State. Here it is confined largely to moist situations. 
The walnut timber in the Illinois-Missouri-Iowa region does not, 
in general, grow so large as that of Ohio and Indiana, Nevertheless, 
as it has been culled less extensively than that farther east, the gen- 
eral run of the timber is probably as good as the average or better. 
KENTUCKY-TENNESSEE-NORTH CAROLINA REGION. 
[Estimated stand, 141 million feet.] 
The presence of comparatively large supplies of walnut timber 
in Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina is due in large part to 
the relative inaccessibility of the region. The best timber is now 
