12 BULLETIN 909, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
probably in the mountainous areas of eastern Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee and western North Carolina, where it grows to large size in 
moist coves and in the rich soil of creek bottoms and valleys. Along 
the streams, however, the largest timber has been taken, and the 
small coves are now, as a rule, the best sources. On the slopes of the 
ridges, where the soil is deep, moist, and loamy, particularly on the 
north slopes, are supplies of walnut, but the trees seldom grow to 
large size there. At the higher altitudes and on the ridges, where 
the soil is poor and lacking in moisture, the trees are small and 
defective. Over a large part of the mountainous region the walnut 
has been removed in the process of lumbering for such species as 
yellow poplar, with which it is generally associated in this region. 
In former yeais, because of the large size to which the trees in 
thrifty stands in this section generally attain, it was the practice to 
take only the very large timber. As a consequence many trees of 
good size have been found in recent years. Throughout the large 
timbered areas of the mountains the walnut is so scattered that it is, 
as a rule, impracticable to log the walnut alone. Estimates made by 
the United States Forest Service of mountain timber in this area 
show an approximate stand of 28 board feet of walnut to the acre 
in virgin timber and 4 feet to the acre on cut-over lands. As a rule, 
therefore, the walnut timber of the mountain region will become 
available only as it is released b}^ general timbering operations. 
There are many comparatively small agricultural areas scattered 
throughout this mountain section in which walnut occurs as a shade 
or field tree or mixed with other hardwood timber. In such locali- 
ties, however, the most valuable trees have usually been culled out. 
Outside of the western portion of North Carolina, walnut is not 
of frequent occurrence in this State. Immediately to the east of the 
more mountainous section there was formerly much walnut timber 
on good soils, but this has been very largely removed as the country 
became populated, and merchantable trees are now infrequent. 
There are considerable amounts of walnut in Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee north and west of the mountainous regions. Throughout cen- 
tral Tennessee there is a great deal of walnut scattered over the 
agricultural lands. Many of the trees are, however, small and de- 
fective, for the most desirable ones have been cut out. It is esti- 
mated that only about 16 per cent of the stand in the entire State of 
Kentucky is located in the western half, and this is nearly all in the 
west central part. There is little in the western third of the 
State. In central Kentucky there is a very large area in which wal- 
nut grows in quantity, principally in fertile sections of the blue- 
grass region in the east central part of the State. Much walnut 
has been obtained from this section in past years on account of its 
