UTILIZATION OF BLACK WALNUT. 
51 
Table 19. — Average ividth of sapwood and diameter of heartwood, of walnut 
logs of different diameters. 
Diameter inside bark. 
Single 
width of 
sap. 
Diameter 
of heart. 
Diameter inside bark. 
Single 
width of 
sap. 
Diameter 
of heart. 
Inches. 
6 
Inches. 
0.8 
.8 
.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
1.2 
1.2 
1.3 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.5 
Inches. 
4.4 
5.4 
6.2 
7.0 
8.0 
8.8 
9.6 
10.6 
11.4 
12.2 
13.2 
14.0 
15.0 
Inches. 
19 
In-hes. 
1.6 
1.7 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
1.8 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
Inches. 
15.8 
7 
20 
16.6 
8 .. 
21.. 
17.6 
9 
22 
18.4 
10 
23 
19.4 
11 
21 
20.4 
12 
25 
21.2 
13 
26 
22.2 
14 
27 
23.2 
15 
28 
21.0 
16 
20 
25.0 
17 
30 
26.0 
18 
If the straight rotary process is employed, manufacturers generally 
find that there is, on the average, about 20 per cent of waste, not 
counting the core and the sapwood. Figuring the core at 6 inches 
in diameter for an average log of 18 inches in diameter, because 
rotary logs generally run small, and figuring 2 inches as the thick- 
ness of the sapwood, the entire log contains 359 square feet of veneer 
to the linear foot of log, inside the sapwood, less 66 square feet in 
the core, which is generally considered waste, thus leaving 293 square 
feet to the linear foot. If 20 per cent waste in slicing is deducted, 
a net yield is left of 235 square feet of veneer to the linear foot. As 
the original log scaled 12 feet to the linear foot, this makes a yield 
of about 19J square feet of veneer to the board foot of log, log scale. 
In the stay-log rotary process, a half log from a log 24 inches 
in diameter, which is representative for this type of veneering, will 
yield to the linear foot, if it is perfectly clear, about 273 square feet 
of one twenty-eighth-inch heartwood veneer cut from the sapwood 
side, and about 282 square feet cut from the heartwood side, allowing 
for a 3-inch " dog board " and the waste in cutting down to get a 
sufficiently wide sheet of heartwood veneer. Figure 7 shows the 
cross-sectional area from which merchantable veneer is generally 
cut by the two processes. Manufacturers calculate that there is a 
10 per cent waste in the portion from which merchantable veneer is 
cut. If this 10 per cent is deducted, a balance is left of 246 and 254 
square feet, respectively, in cutting from the sapwood and heart- 
wood sides. 
As there are 12J board feet, log scale, for each foot in length in 
the half log referred to above, this makes a yield of approximately 
20 square feet of veneer for each board foot, log scale. This figure 
corresponds with the general average of 20 obtained from reports of 
veneer manufacturers. 
