UTILIZATION OF BLACK WALNUT. 
57 
dilations, are given in Table 21. The amount of waste in the in- 
dustry as a whole may be approximated by converting into terms 
of veneer the total quantity of logs used for veneer manufacture, 
and comparing this amount with the actual yield according to the 
reports of veneer manufacturers. If the average log is assumed to 
be 20 inches in diameter there is about 733 square feet of veneer 
one twenty-eighth inch thick and 16 board feet to each linear foot 
of log, or approximately 46 square feet of veneer to each board foot 
of log. If, according to figures on the production of walnut veneer 
for 1917, 20 square feet of veneer is produced for each board foot 
of log, 43J per cent of the log is veneer stock, and 56-| per cent is 
waste. As about 50 per cent of the total output of walnut veneer 
is straight sliced, 25 per cent straight rotary, and 25 per cent stay- 
log rotary, a weighted average of the percentages of waste shown in 
Table 21 gives a general average of 54 per cent for the industry. 
This corresponds closely with the general average of 56^ per cent, as 
determined from the manufacturers' reports. 
Table 21. — Calculated percentages of waste in the manufacture of walnut 
veneer by different methods. 
Method. 
Diameter of 
representa- 
tive log. 
Entire vol- 
ume of log, in 
terms of ve- 
neer, per lin- 
ear foot of log 
Amount of 
veneer ob- 
tained per 
linear foot 
of log. 
Waste. 
Rotarv proper 
Inches. 
18 
24 
20 
20 
Square fed . 
594 
1 528 
733 
524 
Square feet. 
235 
1250 
353 
126 
Per cent. 
60 
52 
52 
76 
i Half log. 
From the standpoint of utilization there are three general classes 
of waste in veneer manufacture : Trimmings from logs, flitches, and 
veneer sheets; pieces such as "dog boards" and cores that are left 
after cutting the veneer ; and defective material, including sapwood. 
The first class of waste is useful only for fuel and is generally dis- 
posed of in that way. " Dog boards " from straight-sliced veneer, if 
they are not too defective, are often resawed into boards ; if they are 
figured, valuable stock may be secured from them. The " dog 
board" of the stay-log rotary process, on account of the stay-bolt 
holes, is generally useful for fuel only. Cores are usually 3 or 4 
inches in diameter and are often resawed into dimension stock if they 
are not too defective. Such dimension material shortly after the 
war often sold for $50 to $80 a thousand board feet at furniture fac- 
tories. Veneer cores have been used for porch pillars, but they are 
