UTILIZATION OF BLACK WALNUT. 85 
hauling and loading on cars varies almost directly with the distance; 
it usually runs from $15 to $30 a thousand for a 5 to 10 mile haul. 
The freight cost depends, of course, on the distance to the mill or 
factor} 7 . 
Farmers owning walnut timber usually find it profitable them- 
selves to haul their logs to the railroad, especially during the winter 
months, when work is comparatively slack. The timber is not so apt 
to deteriorate at this time of the year, and hauling may then be done 
more conveniently. Inspection may be made by the buyer's repre- 
sentative at the farm, the railroad, or the mill. If the logs are of 
average size and quality the mills will purchase as little as 3,000 
board feet, log scale — an amount which is considered a minimum 
carload. Smaller shipments are often made if the logs are very high 
grade or figured. Owners of small lots of timber may often combine 
to ship a carload. Following are the shipping weights of walnut in 
various forms: 
Pounds. 
Rough lumber. 1 inch thick, 1,000 board feet, green l 4, 900 
Rough lumber, 1 inch thick, 1,000 board feet, dry i 3, 800 
Logs, 1,000 board feet, log scale, Doyle rule : 
Diameter, inside bark at small end, 12 inches, green 11, 900 
Diameter, inside bark at small end, 12 inches, dry 8, 200 
Diameter, inside bark at small end, 18 inches, green 8, 300 
Diameter, inside bark at small end, IS inches, dry 5, 700 
Diameter, inside bark at small end. 24 inches, green 7, 100 
Diameter, inside bark at small end, 24 inches, dry 4, 900 
Cordwood, bolts, butts, etc., 1 cord of 128 cubic feet, green 2 4, 700 
Cordwood, bolts, butts, etc., 1 cord of 128 cubic feet, dry 2 3, 200 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 
The use of black walnut covers as long a period as that of any other 
native wood. It has been repeatedly predicted that the supply would 
soon be exhausted. The timber has never been plentiful : but, on ac- 
count of its being scattered throughout a large area, there has been 
a fairly steady supply since colonial times. Its area of commercial 
distribution is. roughly, the eastern half of the United States ex- 
clusive of the coastal regions, the southern Mississippi Valley region, 
and the extreme northern regions. The principal supplies are now 
located in central Tennessee, eastern Kentucky, northwestern West 
Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, southern Iowa, Missouri, south- 
eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas and Oklahoma, northeastern Texas, 
and northwestern Arkansas. Although the best quality of walnut 
has come from Ohio and Indiana, the general run of the timber is 
now better in the western part of its range, because it has not been 
1 Official standard weights of the National Hardwood Lumber Association. 
2 Figured on the basis of 90 cubic feet of solid wood content. 
