MARKET MILK IN SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA. 5 
reduce or increase the value of a ton of manure below or above the 
market price of the fertilizing constituents contained in it. 
Table 2. — Number of cows, average production, and requirements for keeping a cow 
during each season and for the entire year, except charge for management. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
Number of cows 
855.9 
1,309 
929.4 
1,797 
892.6 
Average production per cow 
pounds.. 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
3,106 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grains 
927 
22 
939 
5 
1,866 
27 
Total concentrates 
949 
$1.25 
944 
$0.89 
1, 893 
$2.14 
pounds.. 
do 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
rln 
Noncommercial roughage : 
Commercial carbohydrate hay 
Commercial legume hay 
185 
200 
118 
17 
9 
9 
202 
209 
127 
Total dry roughage 
Silage and other succulent roughage 
503 
1,026 
4 
$2.03 
35 
145 
538 
1,171 
4 
Pasture 
$3.55 
$5.58 
Labor: 
75.3 
11.6 
89.2 
12.1 
164.5 
do 
23.7 
Other costs: 
Building charges 
$3.33 
4.50 
1.07 
2.95 
1.08 
.12 
$3.07 
4.14 
.99 
2.72 
.66 
.05 
.11 
$6.40 
8.64 
Herd charges — 
Taxes, insurance, veterinary, medicines, 
and disinfectants 
2.06 
5.67 
1.74 
.17 
.11 
Total of other costs except depreciation on 
13.05 
2.92 
11.74 
2.69 
24.79 
5.61 
Total of other costs 
15.97 
14.43 
30.40 
The value of a ton of manure, which was considered to be the same 
for summer and winter, was based on the market price of the fertilizing 
constituents contained in it, which were as follows: Nitrogen, $0,375 
a pound; commercial phosphoric acid, $0,075 a pound; and potash, 
$0,275 a pound. 
Only that manure which was saved or which could have been saved 
by using reasonable care with the equipment available was credited 
to the cows. It was not possible to weigh the quantity of manure 
dropped by each herd, but a record was kept of the time the cows were 
actually in the stables. This made it possible to figure the weight 
of the manure voided in the barns, for, according to the best author- 
ities, a 1 , 000-pound cow will produce 13 tons of manure in a year, or 6£ 
tons in 6 months. The manure dropped on pasture was not credited 
to the herds. If a credit had been given, then an offset charge for 
fertilizer against pasture would have been necessary. 
Since a cow during digestion utilizes on the average only approxi- 
mately 25 per cent of the nitrogen, 30 per cent of the phosphorus, 
